MIL-HDBK-1011/1
Landscaping.
The following includes a general description of
2.6
several landscape planning and design considerations that are unique to
aggressive elements found in tropical regions.
General. Tropical regions are usually noted for their hot and
2.6.1
humid climate. Therefore, provide landscaping which allows for shade, not
only for exterior open spaces but also to protect buildings from direct and
reflected solar radiation. In addition, proper landscaping can reduce salt
spray conditions by providing protection to structures. With the intense
rainfall common to tropical regions, drainage and erosion are primary concerns
for the landscape architect. Such conditions are successfully addressed
through the careful selection of tropical planting elements that include
placement of trees, hedges, and ground cover.
2.6.2
Plant Material. A major factor in preparing landscape designs in
tropical regions is the availability of desired plant material in the
appropriate quantities and of matching sizes. Since the sophistication of
plant nurseries and landscape construction industries vary considerably
throughout the world, prepare the landscape design (and accompanying details
and specifications) with a good understanding of such local conditions.
a) Equally important is knowledge of local plant material. While
there is a vast range of exotic plant material in tropical regions, not all
plants are suitable for ornamental landscaping. Poisonous/noxious plants,
root invasion at building foundations and walkways, susceptibility to insect
infestation, excessive litter, and so forth, are some of the types of problems
that may arise in the absence of horticultural expertise.
b) The growing season in tropical regions is year-round, resulting
in larger and faster growing plants. A common mistake is to initially over-
plant a site, and to later face the need for extensive plant removal as the
plants reach maturity, or to place trees with aggressive roots too close to
structures, underground utilities, and paving.
c) Protection against solar radiation is particularly desirable in
tropical regions where outdoor activities are common. Building courtyards,
playgrounds, and outdoor gathering areas, are far more usable and appreciated
when adequate shade is provided. Generally, canopy or dome shaped trees are
most suitable to achieve this effect.
d) Plant material may also be useful to protect buildings from
excessive heat gain caused by direct or indirect solar radiation. One- or
two-story buildings can be effectively screened with large canopy or dome
shaped trees. Such trees are also effective in shading parking lots, roads,
or other large paved surfaces, thereby reducing the reflected solar radiation.
The facades of taller buildings can be shaded with vertical or columnary
shaped trees, such as palm trees, planted along the face of the building.
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