ufc3-260-2
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION - ufc3-260-20016
PAVEMENT
DESIGN ANALYSIS - ufc3-260-20018
Figure 1-1. Typical flexible pavement structure
Figure 1-4. Typical rigid pavement structure
Chapter 2. ARMY AIRFIELD/HELIPORT REQUIREMENTS
ARMY AIRCRAFT DESIGN LOADS AND PASS LEVELS
ROLLER-COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Figure 2-1. Typical layout of traffic areas for Army Class III and IV airfields
Chapetr 3. AIR FORCE AIRFIELD AND AGGREGATE SURFACED HELICOPTER SLIDE AREAS AND HELIPORT REQUIREMENTS
TRAFFIC AREAS FOR AIR FORCE AIRFIELDS
TRAFFIC AREAS FOR AIR FORCE AIRFIELDS - continued
Type D Traffic Areas
DESIGN PASS LEVELS FOR AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS
Table 3-1. Design Gross Weights and Pass Levels for Airfield Pavements
Table 3-2. Gradation for Aggregate Surface Courses (Percent Passing)
Table 3-4. Frost Design Soil Classification
Table 3-5. Frost Area Soil Support Indices (FASSI) of Subgrade Soils
Surface Course
Table 3-7. Compaction Requirements for Helicopter Pads and Slide Areas
Maintenance - ufc3-260-20036
Figure 3-1. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force light-load and auxiliary airfield pavements
Figure 3-2. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force medium- and modified-heavy- load airfield pavements
Figure 3-3. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force heavy-load airfield pavements
Figure 3-4. Aggregate surfaced design curves for helicopters
Chapter 4. NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AIRFIELD REQUIREMENTS
AIRCRAFT LOADINGS
Table 4-1. Aircraft Characteristics and Design Loadings
Table 4-1. Aircraft Characteristics and Design Loadings - continued
TRAFFIC VOLUME
PAVEMENT DESIGN POLICY
Figure 4-1. Primary, secondary, and supporting traffic areas for Navy and Marine Corps airfield pavements
Figure 4-2. Landing Gear assemblies
Chapter 5. SITE INVESTIGATIONS
Table 5-1. Soil Sampling and Testing Standards
SELECT MATERIAL AND SUBBASE FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
SOIL COMPACTION TESTS
Figure 5-1. Typical boring log
Figure 5-2. Typical soil profile
Figure 5-3. Approximate relationships of soil classification and soil strength
Chapter 6. SUBGRADE
SUBGRADE CBR
SUBGRADE MODULUS OF SOIL REACTION
table 6-1. Typical Values of Modulus of Soil Reaction
SUBGRADE COMPACTION FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS - NORMAL CASES
Table 6-2. Compaction Requirements for Cohesive Subgrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements (LL>25; Pl > 5)
Table 6-3. Compaction Requirements for Cohessionless Subgrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements- Air Force Pavements
Table 6-4. Compaction Requirements for Cohesive Subgrades and Select Materials under Flexible pavements - army pavements
Table 6-5. Comapction Requirements for Cohesionless subgrades and select materials under flexible pavements - army pavements (LL) > 25; Pl > 5
Table 6-6. Compaction Requirements for Navy and Marine Corps Flexible Pavements
Table 6-7. Compaction Requirements for Shoulders
TREATMENT OF PROBLEM SOILS
TREATMENT OF PROBLEM SOILS - continued
Figure 6-1. Procedure for determining laboratory CBR of subgrade soils
Figure 6-2. Selection of design subgrade CBR using in-place tests
Chapter 7. SELECT MATERIALS AND SUBBASE COURSES FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
Table 7-1. Minimum Unconfined Compressive Strength for Cement, Lime, Lime-Cement, and Lime-Cement-Fly Ash Stabilized Soils
STABILIZED SELECT MATERIALS AND SUBBASES
Chapter 8. AGGREGATE BASE COURSES
MATERIALS FOR AGGREGATE BASE COURSES IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE RIGID PAVEMENT
AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR NAVY AND MARINE CORPS RIGID PAVEMENTS.
STRENGTH OF AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR RIGID PAVEMENTS
TAble 8-1. Minimum Surface and Aggregate Base-Course Thickness Requirements for Army Flexible Pavement Airfields, Inches
Table 8-5. Minimum Surface and Aggregate Base-Course Thickness Requirements for Air Force Flexible Pavement Airfields, Inches
MINIMUM THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR RIGID PAVEMENTS.
COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE RIGID PAVEMENT AGGREGATE BASE COURSES
Figure 8-1. Effect of base-course thickness on modulus of soil reaction for nonfrost conditions
Chapter 9. PAVEMENT MATERIALS
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION - continued
Durability - ufc3-260-20087
Sulfate attack
Durability - ufc3-260-20089
Suitable Soils
Nontraditional Stabilizers
Reinforcing
Special Air Force Requirement
Selection of Design Strength
Power Check Pads and Similar Facilities
ASPHALTIC CONCRETE
ASPHALTIC CONCRETE - continued
Aging and Oxidation
Table 9-1. Types of Portland Cement
Chpater 10. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN - CBR METHOD
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THICKNESS DESIGN.
DESIGN EXAMPLES.
DESIGN EXAMPLES - continued - ufc3-260-20103
DESIGN EXAMPLES - continued - ufc3-260-20104
Table 10-1. Example Design Using Mixed Traffic
Alternative design
SPECIAL AREAS
Table 10-2. Equivalency Factors for Army and Air Force Pavements
Army Airfields
Shoulders.
Figure 10-1. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class I heliports and helipads
Figure 10-2. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class II and V heliports and helipads
Figure 10-3. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class III airfields as defined in paragraph 4.c of Chapter 2
Figure 10-4. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-130 aircraft) with runway # 1,525 meters (# 5,000 feet), type A traffic areas
Figyre 10-5. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-130 aircraft) with runway # 1,525 meters (# 5,000 feet), types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-6. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-17 aircraft) with runway > 1,525 meters (> 5,000 feet), type A traffic areas
Figure 10-7. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-17 aircraft) with runway > 1,525 meters (> 5,000 feet), types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-9. Flexible pavement design curves for Navy and Marine Corps single- wheel aircraft, primary and secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-9. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps dual-Figure 10-8. Flexible pavement design curves for Navy and Marine Corps single-wheel aircraft, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-10. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps dual-wheel aircraft, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-11. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-130, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-12. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-130, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-13. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-141, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-14. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-141, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-15. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-5A, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-16. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-5A, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-17. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force light-load airfield
Figure 10-18. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force medium-load airfield
Table 10-19. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force heavy-load pavement
Figure 10-20. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force modified heavy-load pavement
Figure 10-21a. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force C-130 assault landing zone airfield
Figure 10-21b. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force C-17 assault landing zone airfield
Figure10-22. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force auxiliary airfield, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-23. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force auxiliary airfield, types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-24. Flexible pavement design curve for shoulders on Army and Air Force pavements
Figure 10-25. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for F-15, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-26. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for F-15, types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-27. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for C-141, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-28. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for C-141, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Figure 10-29. Air Force flexible pavement design curves for B-1, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-30. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-1, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Figure 10-31. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-52, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-32. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-52, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Chapter 11. LAYER ELASTIC DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
Table 11-1. Temperature Data for Jackson, Mississippi
Traffic Data
Traffic grouping
MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION
Subgrade soils
Table 11-2. Typical Poisson's Ratios for Four Classes of Pavement Materials
Subgrade Strain Criteria
CONVENTIONAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN
PAVEMENTS WITH A STABILIZED BASE COURSE
EXAMPLE DESIGN FOR CONVENTIONAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Table 11-3. Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for Conventional Flexible Pavement Design Based on Subgrade Strain
Table 11-4. Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for Conventional Flexible Pavement Design Based on Bituminous Concrete Strain
Table 11-5. Grouping Traffic into Traffic Groups According to Similar Asphalt Moduli
Table 11-6. Structure Data File for Input into the JULEA Computer Program
Table 11-6. Structure Data File for Input into the JULEA Computer Program - continued
Computation of Damage Factors.
Table 11-8. Data File for Computing Subgrade Damage for Pavement Thicknesses of 840, 760, and 685 millimeters (33, 30, and 27 inches)
Table 11-9. Program Output for Subgrade Damage for Pavement Thicknesses of 840, 760, and 685 millimeters (33, 30, and 27 inches)
Table 11-10. Data File for Computing Asphalt Damage
Table 11-11. Program Output for Asphalt Damage
Table 11-12. Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for ABC Pavement Design Based on Bituminous Concrete Strain
Table 11-13. Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for ABC Pavement Design Based on Subgrade Strain
Table 11-14. Data for Computing Damage Factors for Taxiway Design
Table 11-15. Data for Computing Damage Factors for Runway Design
Figure 11-1. Temperature relationships for selected bituminous concrete thickness
Figure 11-2. Computation of effective gear print for single gear
Figure 11-3. Computation of effective gear print for twin gear
Figure 11-4. Computation of repetition factor for tandem gear
Figure 11-5. Design criteria based on subgrade strain
Figure 11-7. Flow diagram of important steps in design of bituminous concrete pavement
Figure 11-8. Relationship between cracked section modulus and unconfined compressive strength
Figure 11-9. Flow diagram of important steps in design of pavements having chemically stabilized base course and unstabilized subbase course
Figure 11-10. Flow diagram of important steps in design of pavements having stabilized base and chemically stabilized subbase courses
Figure 11-11. Estimation of resilient modulus MR
Figure 11-12. Results of laboratory tests for dynamic modulus of bituminous concrete
Figure 11-13. Section for pavement thickness of 760 millimeters (30 inches) for initial taxiway design
Figure 11-14. Section for pavement thickness of 610 millimeters (24 inches) for initial runway design
Figure 11-15. Pavement design for taxiways
Figure 11-16. Design for runways
Figure 11-17. Design for asphalt concrete surface
Figure 11-18. Computed strain at the top of the subgrade for taxiway design
Figure 11-19. Damage factor versus pavement thickness
Figure 11-20. Computed strain at the bottom of the asphalt for taxiway design
Figure 11-21. Computed strain at the top of the subgrade for runway design
Figure 11-22. Computed strain at the bottom of the asphalt for runway design
Chapter 12. PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
THICKNESS DESIGN - ARMY AND AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS.
Example Design, Slab on Unbound Base
Design Example for Mixed Traffic.
Example problem solution.
Table 12-1. Example of Mixed Traffic Design
Structural Slab Cracking and Mixed Aircraft Loading
Table 12-2. Stress-Strength Ratios and Allowable Coverages
Thickness design procedure for a single design aircraft
Table 12-3. Fatigue Damage Summary Sheet for Mixed Traffic
Table 12-4. Pass-to-Coverage Ratios
Fatigue life consumption
Subgrade evaluation and testing
Slab thickness and joints
Table 12-5. Design Example for Primary (Chamelized) Traffic Areas
Table 12-5. Design Example for Primary (Chamelized) Traffic Areas - continued
Table 12-6. Design Example for Secondary (Unchamelized) Traffic Areas
Table 12-6. Design Example for Secondary (Unchamelized) Traffic Areas - continued
JOINTS FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS
JOINTS FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS - continued
Table 12-7. Recommended Spacing of Transverse Contraction Joints
Table 12-8. Dowel Size and Spacing for Construction, Contraction, and Expansion Joints
Between pavement and structures
Special Provisions of Slipforming Paving.
Construction Joints
Stabilized base
JOINTING PATTERN FOR RIGID AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS
Replacements and Additions
Tied Joints (Navy Only)
Sample Joint Layouts
Sample Joint Layouts - continued - ufc3-260-20220
Sample Joint Layouts - continued - ufc3-260-20221
Figure 12-1. Plain concrete design curves for Army Helipads, Class I
Figure 12-2. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class II airfields
Figure 12-3. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class III airfields as defined in paragraph 4.c of Chapter 2
Figure 12-4. Plain Concrete Curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-130 aircraft) with runway ≤ 1,525 meters (5,000 feet)
Figure 12-5. Plain concrete design curves for army Class IV Airfields (C-17 aircraft) with runway >2,745 meters (9,000) feet
Figure 12-6. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force light-load pavements
Figure 12-7. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force medium-load pavements
Figure 12-8. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force heavy-load pavements
Figure 12-9. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force modified heavy-load pavements
Figure 12-10. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force C-130 assault landing zone pavements
Figure 12-11. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force C-17 assault landing zone
Figure 12-12. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force auxiliary pavements
Figure 12-13. Plain concrete design curves for F-15 aircraft
Figure 12-15. Plain concrete design curves for B-52 aircraft
Figure 12-16. Plain concrete design curves for B-1 aircraft
Figure 12-17. Plain concrete design curves for shoulders
Figure 12-19. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for single-wheel load (Navy)
Figure 12-20. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for P-3 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-21. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-130 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-22. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-141 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-23. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-5A aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-24. Chart for determining flexural stress for single-wheel gear (Navy)
Figure 12-25. Chart for determining flexural stress for P-3 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-26. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-130 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-27. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-141 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-28. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-5A aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-29. Typical jointing
Figure 12-30. Contraction joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-31. Joint sealant details for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 12-31. (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 12-31. (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 12-32. Construction joints for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 12-32. Construction joints for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 12-32. Construction joints for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 12-33. Expansion joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-34. Slip joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-35. Regid-flexible pavement junction (Army or Air Force)
Figure 12-36. Rigid-flexible pavement junction
Figure 12-37. PCC to AC joint detail (removal and construction)
Figure 12-38. PCC to AC joint detail (very little traffic expected)
Figure 12-39. Sample jointing pattern (SI units)
Figure 12-40. Sample jointing pattern (metric units)
Figure 12-41. Sample Jointing Pattern for 180-ft.-wide lanes
Figure 12-42. Sample jointing pattern at an intersection
Figure 12-43. Effects of confusion in sawing joints
Chapter 13. REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
REDUCED THICKNESS DESIGN - ARMY AND AIR FORCE.
Limitations to Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design Procedure
REINFORCEMENT TO CONTROL PAVEMENT CRACKING.
REINFORCING STEEL.
JOINTING.
EXAMPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN.
Table 13-1. Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design Example
Table 13-2. Reinforced Concrete PavementDesign Example on a Lean Concrete Base Course
Figure 13-1. Reinforced concrete pavement design
Figure 13-2. Typical layouts showing reinforcement of odd-shaped slabs and mismatched joints (Continued)
Figure 13-2. Typical layouts showing reinforcement of odd-shaped slabs and mismatched joints (Concluded)
Figure 13-3. Reinforcing steel details (Continued)
Figure 13-3. Reinforcing steel details (Concluded)
Figure 13-4. Contraction joints for reinforced concrete pavements
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 2 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 3 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 4 of 4)
Figure 13-6. Expansion joints for reinforced concrete pavements
Chapter 14. FIBROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION FOR FIBROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
EXAMPLE OF FIBROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN.
Figure 14-1. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for UH-60
Figure 14-2. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for CH-47
Figure 14-3. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for C-130
Figure 14-4. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force light-load airfields
Figure 14-5. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force medium-load airfields
Figure 14-6. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force heavy-load airfields
Figure 14-7. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force modified heavy-load airfields
Figure 14-8. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force shortfield airfields
Figure 14-9. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for shoulders
Figure 14-10. Deflection curves for UH-60
Figure 14-11. Deflection curves for CH-47
Figure 14-12. Deflection curves for C-130
Figure 14-13. Deflection curves for Air Force light-load pavements
Figure 14-14. Deflection curves for Air Force medium-load pavements
Figure 14-15. Deflection curves for Air Force heavy-load pavements
Figure 14-16. Deflection curves for Air Force modified heavy-load pavements
Figure 14-17. Deflection curves for Air Force shortfield pavements
Figure 14-18. Deflection curves for shoulder pavements
Figure 14-19. Allowable deflection curves for fibrous concrete pavements
Figure 14-19. Allowable deflection curves for fibrous concrete pavements - concluded
Chapter 15. CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
REINFORCING STEEL DESIGN.
REINFORCING STEEL DESIGN - conitnued
JOINT SEALING - ufc3-260-20313
EXAMPLE OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
EXAMPLE OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN - continued
Figure 15-1. Details of a wide-flange beam joint
Chapter 16. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
DESIGN PROCEDURE.
DESIGN PROCEDURE - continued
PRESTRESSING TENDON DESIGN.
PRESTRESSING TENDON DESIGN - continued
JOINTING
EXAMPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
EXAMPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN - continued - ufc3-260-20324
EXAMPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN - continued - ufc3-260-20325
Figure 16-1. Stress repetitions versus load repetition factor
Figure 16-2. A/R2 versus load-moment factor
Figure 16-3. Ratio of multiple wheel gear to single-wheel gear load versus A/R2
Figure 16-4. Typical section of transverse joints
Figure 16-5. Typical transverse joint seals (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 16-5. Typical transverse joint seals (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 16-5. Typical transverse joint seals (Sheet 3 of 3)
design prestress
Chapter 17. OVERLAY PAVEMENT DESIGN
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
PREPARATION OF EXISTING PAVEMENT.
CONDITION OF EXISTING CONCRETE PAVEMENT.
CONDITION OF EXISTING CONCRETE PAVEMENT - continued
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT.
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20340
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20341
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20342
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20343
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20344
NONRIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT.
NONRIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued
Table 17-1. Pass per Coverage Ratios
NONRIGID OVERLAY ON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
NONRIGID OVERLAY ON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT - continued
OVERLAYS IN FROST REGIONS
Figure 17-1. Structural condition index versus condition factor
Figure 17-2. Factor for projecting cracking in a flexible pavement
Figure 17-3. Location guide for the use of geotextiles in retarding reflective cracking
Chapter 18. RIGID PAVEMENT INLAY DESIGN
RIGID INLAYS IN EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT.
Figure 18-1. Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing flexible pavement
Figure 18-2. Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing rigid pavement
Chapter 19. LAYER ELASTIC DESIGN OF RIGID PAVEMENTS
MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION.
Bound Bases (Subbases).
Table 19-1. Recommended Maximum Stress Levels to Test Bituminous-Stabilized Materials
Unbound (Granular) Bases (Subbases).
Subgrade Soils.
DESIGN CRITERIA.
FROST CONSIDERATION
Base Slab Pavement Fatigue and Structural Condition
Time Periods
DESIGN EXAMPLES - ufc3-260-20368
DESIGN EXAMPLE 1, SINGLE AIRCRAFT
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2, MIXED AIRCRAFT TRAFFIC
Table 19-5. Characteristics of Design Aircraft
Table 19-6. Computation of Cumulative Damage for Mixed Traffic, 10-inch Stabilized Base Courses
Table 19-7. Relationship Between Cumulative Damage and PCC Thickness for Mixed Traffic
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4, ALTERNATE OVERLAY DESIGN PROCEDURE
Table 19-8. Data for Overlay Design, Example 4 (BAse Slab Calculations)
Table 19-9. Time Intervals for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) Overlay
Table 19-10. Computation of the Cumulative Damage for the 14-inch Overlay
Table 19-10. Computation of the Cumulative Damage for the 14-inch Overlay - concluded
Figure 19-1. Diagram for design of airfield rigid pavementsby layered elastic theory
Figure 19-2. Correlation between resilient modulus of elasticity and static modulus of soil reaction
Figure 19-3. Relationship between SCI and coverages at initial cracking and complete failure
Figure 19-5. Composite overlay performance curve
Figure 19-7. Effect of steel reinforcement on rigid pavements
Figure 19-8. Relationship between cumulative damage and concrete slab thickness for granular and stabilized bases (see Design Example 1)
Figure 19-9. Relationship between cumulative damage and pavement thickness, mixed aircraft traffic (see Design Example 2)
Figure 19-10. Base slab performance curve for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) overlay
Figure 19-12. Cumulative damage plot for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) overlay
Figure 19-14. Plot showing the overlay thickness versus the overlay life
Chapter 20. SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS
Table 20-1. Frost Design Classification
Table 20-2. Frost Susceptibility Classification
Table 20-3. Frost Area Soil Support Indexes (FASSI) for Subgrade Soils
Rigid Pavement Thickness Design
Rigid Pavement Thickness Design - continued
LIMITED SUBGRADE FROST PENETRATION METHOD
LIMITED SUBGRADE FROST PENETRATION METHOD - continued - ufc3-260-20396
LIMITED SUBGRADE FROST PENETRATION METHOD - continued - ufc3-260-20397
GRANULAR BASE- AND SUBBASE-COURSE REQUIREMENTS
DRAINAGE LAYER REQUIREMENTS
SUBGRADE REQUIREMENTS
CONTROL OF DIFFERENTIAL HEAVE AT DRAINS, CULVERTS, DUCTS, INLETS, HYDRANTS, AND LIGHTS
PAVEMENT THICKNESS TRANSITIONS.
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS.
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20406
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20407
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20408
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20409
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20410
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20411
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20412
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - conitnued
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20414
Figure 20-1. Frost area index of reaction (FAIR) for design of rigid pavements
Figure 20-2. Determination of freezing index
Figure 20-3. Distribution of design freezing indexes in North America
Figure 20-4. Distribution of mean freezing indexes in Northern Eurasia
Figure 20-5. Frost penetration beneath pavements
Figure 20-6. Design of combined base thickness for limited subgrade frost penetration
Figure 20-7. Placement of drainage layer in frost areas
Figure 20-8. Tapered transition used where embankment material differs from natural subgrade in cut
Figure 20-9. Subgrade details for cold regions
Figure 20-10. Transitions for culverts beneath pavements
Figure 20-11. Relationship between base course thickness and PCC thickness for example 1
Figure 20-12. Relationship between base course thickness and PCC thickness for example 2
Chapter 21. IMPROVING SKID RESISTANCE/REDUCING HYDROPLANING POTENTIAL OF RUNWAYS
IMPROVING RUNWAY FRACTION CHARACTERISTICS
Figure 21-1. Groove configuration for airfields
Appendix A. REFERENCES - ufc3-260-20430
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20431
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20432
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20433
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20434
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20435
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20436
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20437
Appendix B. AIRFIELD/HELIPORT DESIGN ANALYSIS OUTLINE
SITE DESCRIPTION - ufc3-260-20439
TESTING
PAVEMENT THICKNESS DESIGN CRITERIA
PAVEMENT THICKNESS DESIGN - ufc3-260-20442
AIRFIELD LIGHTING AND NAVAIDS IMPROVEMENTS
LIST OF REQUIRED WAIVERS
Appendix C. RECOMMENDED CONTRACT DRAWING OUTLINE FOR AIRFIELD/HELIPORT PAVEMENTS
PHASING PLAN AND DETAILS.
BORING LOCATION PLAN AND BORING LOG DATA
EXISTING UTILITIES PLAN
PLAN AND PROFILE SHEETS.
REINFORCING DETAILS
Appendix D. WAIVER PROCESSING PROCEDURES
Additional Requirements
Effective Length of Waiver
Base Civil Engineer
Approval
Appendix E. DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE
TEST PROCEDURES - ufc3-260-20457
CALCULATIONS - ufc3-260-20458
Appendix F. CURVES FOR DETERMINING EFFECTIVE STRAIN REPETITIONS
Figure F-2.Effective repetitions of strain for UH-60 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-3. Effective repetitions of strain for CH-47 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-4. Effective repetitions of strain for CH-47 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-5. Effective repetitions of strain for OV-1 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-6. Effective repetitions of strain for OV-1 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-7. Effective repetitions of strain for C-12 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figyre F-8. Effective repetitions of strain for C-12 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-9. Effective repetitions of strain for C-130 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-10. Effective repetitions of strain for C-130 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-11. primary traffic areas types B and C traffic areas
Figure F-12. Effective repetitions of strain for F-15 aircraft, Air Force type A traffic areas
Figure F-13. Effective repetitions of strain for F-14 aircraft, types B, C and secondary traffic areas
Figure F-14. Effective repetitions of strain for F-14 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-15. Effective repetitions of strain for B-52 aircraft, types B, C or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-16. Effective repetitions of strain for B-52 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-17. Effective repetitions of strain for B-1 and C-141 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-18. Effective repetitions of strain for B-1 and C-141 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-19. Effective repetitions of strain for P-3 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-20. Effective repetitions of strain for P-3 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-21. Effective repetitions of strain for C-5 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-22. Effective repetitions of strain for C-5 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Appendix G. PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF BITUMINOUS CYLINDRICAL SPECIMENS
PROCEDURE.
Appendix H. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE DYNAMIC MODULUS OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIXTURES
PROCEDURE - ufc3-260-20484
CALCULATIONS - ufc3-260-20485
Appendix I. PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE
STEPS OF PROCEDURE
Figure I-1. Relationship between penetration at 25 degrees C and ring-and-ball softening point for bitumens with different PI's
Figure I-2. Nomograph for determining the stiffness modulus of bitumens
Appendix J. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF UNBOUND GRANULAR BASE AND SUBBASE COURSE MATERIALS
EXAMPLES
Figure J-1. Relationships between modulus of layer n and modulus of layer n + 1 for various thicknesses of unbound base course and subbase course
Figure J-3. Modulus values determined for second example
Appendix K. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE FLEXURAL MODULUS AND FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF STABILIZED SOILS
Test Procedure
GRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL MODULUS FOR CHEMICALLY STABILIZED SOILS (CRACKED SECTION)
Figure K-2. Details of equipment setup
Figure K-3. Miscellaneous details
Appendix L. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING RESILIENT MODULUS OF SUBGRADE MATERIAL
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS - continued
Soils Containing Gravel
Q TEST WITH BACK-PRESSURE SATURATION
Back-Pressure Procedure
EQUIPMENT - ufc3-260-20505
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS AND PLACEMENT IN TRIAXIAL CELL - ufc3-260-20506
RESILIENCE TESTING OF COHESIVE SOILS
RESILIENCE TESTING OF COHESIONLESS SOILS.
INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS
INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS - continued
Figure L-1. Schematic diagram of typical triaxial compression apparatus
Figure L-2. Triaxial cell
Figure L-3. LVDT clamps
Figure L-4. Presentation of results of resilience tests on cohesive soils
Figure L-5. Presentation of results of resilience tests on cohesionless soils
Figure L-6. Estimated deviator stress at top of subgrade
Figure L-7. Determination of subgrade modulus for cohesive soils
Figure L-8. Relationship for estimating 2 due to overburden
Figure L-9. Estimated θ at top of subgrade
Figure L-10. Seclection of MRfor silty-sand subgrade with estimated thickness of 762 millimiters (30 inches) for 100,000 repitition ofs strain
Appendix M. PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING THE FATIGUE LIFE OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE
LABORATORY TEST METHOD
Report and Presentation of Results
Figure M-1. Repeated flexure apparatus
Figure M-2. Initial mixture bending strain versus repetitions to fracture in controlled stress tests
Fiure M-3. Provisional fatigue data for bituminous base-course materials
Appendix N. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE RESILIENT MODULUS OF GRANULAR BASE MATERIAL
EQUIPMENT - ufc3-260-20528
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS AND PLACEMENT IN TRIAXIAL CELL - ufc3-260-20529
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS AND PLACEMENT IN TRIAXIAL CELL - continued
COMPUTATIONS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS.
COMPUTATIONS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS - continued
Figure N-1. Triaxial cell used in resilience testing of granular base material
Figure N-2. Schematic of frictionless cap and base
Figure N-3. Details of Top LVDT ring clamp
Figure N-4. Details of bottom LVDT ring clamp
Figure N-5. Representation of results of resilience test on cohesionless soils
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION - ufc3-260-20016
PAVEMENT
DESIGN ANALYSIS - ufc3-260-20018
Figure 1-1. Typical flexible pavement structure
Figure 1-4. Typical rigid pavement structure
Chapter 2. ARMY AIRFIELD/HELIPORT REQUIREMENTS
ARMY AIRCRAFT DESIGN LOADS AND PASS LEVELS
ROLLER-COMPACTED CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Figure 2-1. Typical layout of traffic areas for Army Class III and IV airfields
Chapetr 3. AIR FORCE AIRFIELD AND AGGREGATE SURFACED HELICOPTER SLIDE AREAS AND HELIPORT REQUIREMENTS
TRAFFIC AREAS FOR AIR FORCE AIRFIELDS
TRAFFIC AREAS FOR AIR FORCE AIRFIELDS - continued
Type D Traffic Areas
DESIGN PASS LEVELS FOR AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS
Table 3-1. Design Gross Weights and Pass Levels for Airfield Pavements
Table 3-2. Gradation for Aggregate Surface Courses (Percent Passing)
Table 3-4. Frost Design Soil Classification
Table 3-5. Frost Area Soil Support Indices (FASSI) of Subgrade Soils
Surface Course
Table 3-7. Compaction Requirements for Helicopter Pads and Slide Areas
Maintenance - ufc3-260-20036
Figure 3-1. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force light-load and auxiliary airfield pavements
Figure 3-2. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force medium- and modified-heavy- load airfield pavements
Figure 3-3. Typical layout of traffic areas for Air Force heavy-load airfield pavements
Figure 3-4. Aggregate surfaced design curves for helicopters
Chapter 4. NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AIRFIELD REQUIREMENTS
AIRCRAFT LOADINGS
Table 4-1. Aircraft Characteristics and Design Loadings
Table 4-1. Aircraft Characteristics and Design Loadings - continued
TRAFFIC VOLUME
PAVEMENT DESIGN POLICY
Figure 4-1. Primary, secondary, and supporting traffic areas for Navy and Marine Corps airfield pavements
Figure 4-2. Landing Gear assemblies
Chapter 5. SITE INVESTIGATIONS
Table 5-1. Soil Sampling and Testing Standards
SELECT MATERIAL AND SUBBASE FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
SOIL COMPACTION TESTS
Figure 5-1. Typical boring log
Figure 5-2. Typical soil profile
Figure 5-3. Approximate relationships of soil classification and soil strength
Chapter 6. SUBGRADE
SUBGRADE CBR
SUBGRADE MODULUS OF SOIL REACTION
table 6-1. Typical Values of Modulus of Soil Reaction
SUBGRADE COMPACTION FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS - NORMAL CASES
Table 6-2. Compaction Requirements for Cohesive Subgrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements - Air Force Pavements (LL>25; Pl > 5)
Table 6-3. Compaction Requirements for Cohessionless Subgrades and Select Materials Under Flexible Pavements- Air Force Pavements
Table 6-4. Compaction Requirements for Cohesive Subgrades and Select Materials under Flexible pavements - army pavements
Table 6-5. Comapction Requirements for Cohesionless subgrades and select materials under flexible pavements - army pavements (LL) > 25; Pl > 5
Table 6-6. Compaction Requirements for Navy and Marine Corps Flexible Pavements
Table 6-7. Compaction Requirements for Shoulders
TREATMENT OF PROBLEM SOILS
TREATMENT OF PROBLEM SOILS - continued
Figure 6-1. Procedure for determining laboratory CBR of subgrade soils
Figure 6-2. Selection of design subgrade CBR using in-place tests
Chapter 7. SELECT MATERIALS AND SUBBASE COURSES FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
Table 7-1. Minimum Unconfined Compressive Strength for Cement, Lime, Lime-Cement, and Lime-Cement-Fly Ash Stabilized Soils
STABILIZED SELECT MATERIALS AND SUBBASES
Chapter 8. AGGREGATE BASE COURSES
MATERIALS FOR AGGREGATE BASE COURSES IN FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE RIGID PAVEMENT
AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR NAVY AND MARINE CORPS RIGID PAVEMENTS.
STRENGTH OF AGGREGATE BASE COURSES FOR RIGID PAVEMENTS
TAble 8-1. Minimum Surface and Aggregate Base-Course Thickness Requirements for Army Flexible Pavement Airfields, Inches
Table 8-5. Minimum Surface and Aggregate Base-Course Thickness Requirements for Air Force Flexible Pavement Airfields, Inches
MINIMUM THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR RIGID PAVEMENTS.
COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE RIGID PAVEMENT AGGREGATE BASE COURSES
Figure 8-1. Effect of base-course thickness on modulus of soil reaction for nonfrost conditions
Chapter 9. PAVEMENT MATERIALS
STABILIZATION
STABILIZATION - continued
Durability - ufc3-260-20087
Sulfate attack
Durability - ufc3-260-20089
Suitable Soils
Nontraditional Stabilizers
Reinforcing
Special Air Force Requirement
Selection of Design Strength
Power Check Pads and Similar Facilities
ASPHALTIC CONCRETE
ASPHALTIC CONCRETE - continued
Aging and Oxidation
Table 9-1. Types of Portland Cement
Chpater 10. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN - CBR METHOD
ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THICKNESS DESIGN.
DESIGN EXAMPLES.
DESIGN EXAMPLES - continued - ufc3-260-20103
DESIGN EXAMPLES - continued - ufc3-260-20104
Table 10-1. Example Design Using Mixed Traffic
Alternative design
SPECIAL AREAS
Table 10-2. Equivalency Factors for Army and Air Force Pavements
Army Airfields
Shoulders.
Figure 10-1. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class I heliports and helipads
Figure 10-2. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class II and V heliports and helipads
Figure 10-3. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class III airfields as defined in paragraph 4.c of Chapter 2
Figure 10-4. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-130 aircraft) with runway # 1,525 meters (# 5,000 feet), type A traffic areas
Figyre 10-5. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-130 aircraft) with runway # 1,525 meters (# 5,000 feet), types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-6. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-17 aircraft) with runway > 1,525 meters (> 5,000 feet), type A traffic areas
Figure 10-7. Flexible pavement design curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-17 aircraft) with runway > 1,525 meters (> 5,000 feet), types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-9. Flexible pavement design curves for Navy and Marine Corps single- wheel aircraft, primary and secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-9. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps dual-Figure 10-8. Flexible pavement design curves for Navy and Marine Corps single-wheel aircraft, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-10. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps dual-wheel aircraft, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-11. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-130, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-12. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-130, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-13. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-141, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-14. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-141, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-15. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-5A, primary traffic areas
Figure 10-16. Flexible pavement design curve for Navy and Marine Corps C-5A, secondary traffic areas
Figure 10-17. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force light-load airfield
Figure 10-18. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force medium-load airfield
Table 10-19. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force heavy-load pavement
Figure 10-20. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force modified heavy-load pavement
Figure 10-21a. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force C-130 assault landing zone airfield
Figure 10-21b. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force C-17 assault landing zone airfield
Figure10-22. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force auxiliary airfield, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-23. Flexible pavement design curve for Air Force auxiliary airfield, types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-24. Flexible pavement design curve for shoulders on Army and Air Force pavements
Figure 10-25. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for F-15, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-26. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for F-15, types B and C traffic areas
Figure 10-27. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for C-141, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-28. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for C-141, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Figure 10-29. Air Force flexible pavement design curves for B-1, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-30. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-1, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Figure 10-31. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-52, type A traffic areas
Figure 10-32. Air Force flexible pavement design curve for B-52, types B, C, and D traffic areas
Chapter 11. LAYER ELASTIC DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS
Table 11-1. Temperature Data for Jackson, Mississippi
Traffic Data
Traffic grouping
MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION
Subgrade soils
Table 11-2. Typical Poisson's Ratios for Four Classes of Pavement Materials
Subgrade Strain Criteria
CONVENTIONAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN
PAVEMENTS WITH A STABILIZED BASE COURSE
EXAMPLE DESIGN FOR CONVENTIONAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
Table 11-3. Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for Conventional Flexible Pavement Design Based on Subgrade Strain
Table 11-4. Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for Conventional Flexible Pavement Design Based on Bituminous Concrete Strain
Table 11-5. Grouping Traffic into Traffic Groups According to Similar Asphalt Moduli
Table 11-6. Structure Data File for Input into the JULEA Computer Program
Table 11-6. Structure Data File for Input into the JULEA Computer Program - continued
Computation of Damage Factors.
Table 11-8. Data File for Computing Subgrade Damage for Pavement Thicknesses of 840, 760, and 685 millimeters (33, 30, and 27 inches)
Table 11-9. Program Output for Subgrade Damage for Pavement Thicknesses of 840, 760, and 685 millimeters (33, 30, and 27 inches)
Table 11-10. Data File for Computing Asphalt Damage
Table 11-11. Program Output for Asphalt Damage
Table 11-12. Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for ABC Pavement Design Based on Bituminous Concrete Strain
Table 11-13. Bituminous Concrete Moduli for Each Month for ABC Pavement Design Based on Subgrade Strain
Table 11-14. Data for Computing Damage Factors for Taxiway Design
Table 11-15. Data for Computing Damage Factors for Runway Design
Figure 11-1. Temperature relationships for selected bituminous concrete thickness
Figure 11-2. Computation of effective gear print for single gear
Figure 11-3. Computation of effective gear print for twin gear
Figure 11-4. Computation of repetition factor for tandem gear
Figure 11-5. Design criteria based on subgrade strain
Figure 11-7. Flow diagram of important steps in design of bituminous concrete pavement
Figure 11-8. Relationship between cracked section modulus and unconfined compressive strength
Figure 11-9. Flow diagram of important steps in design of pavements having chemically stabilized base course and unstabilized subbase course
Figure 11-10. Flow diagram of important steps in design of pavements having stabilized base and chemically stabilized subbase courses
Figure 11-11. Estimation of resilient modulus MR
Figure 11-12. Results of laboratory tests for dynamic modulus of bituminous concrete
Figure 11-13. Section for pavement thickness of 760 millimeters (30 inches) for initial taxiway design
Figure 11-14. Section for pavement thickness of 610 millimeters (24 inches) for initial runway design
Figure 11-15. Pavement design for taxiways
Figure 11-16. Design for runways
Figure 11-17. Design for asphalt concrete surface
Figure 11-18. Computed strain at the top of the subgrade for taxiway design
Figure 11-19. Damage factor versus pavement thickness
Figure 11-20. Computed strain at the bottom of the asphalt for taxiway design
Figure 11-21. Computed strain at the top of the subgrade for runway design
Figure 11-22. Computed strain at the bottom of the asphalt for runway design
Chapter 12. PLAIN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS
THICKNESS DESIGN - ARMY AND AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS.
Example Design, Slab on Unbound Base
Design Example for Mixed Traffic.
Example problem solution.
Table 12-1. Example of Mixed Traffic Design
Structural Slab Cracking and Mixed Aircraft Loading
Table 12-2. Stress-Strength Ratios and Allowable Coverages
Thickness design procedure for a single design aircraft
Table 12-3. Fatigue Damage Summary Sheet for Mixed Traffic
Table 12-4. Pass-to-Coverage Ratios
Fatigue life consumption
Subgrade evaluation and testing
Slab thickness and joints
Table 12-5. Design Example for Primary (Chamelized) Traffic Areas
Table 12-5. Design Example for Primary (Chamelized) Traffic Areas - continued
Table 12-6. Design Example for Secondary (Unchamelized) Traffic Areas
Table 12-6. Design Example for Secondary (Unchamelized) Traffic Areas - continued
JOINTS FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS
JOINTS FOR ARMY AND AIR FORCE PAVEMENTS - continued
Table 12-7. Recommended Spacing of Transverse Contraction Joints
Table 12-8. Dowel Size and Spacing for Construction, Contraction, and Expansion Joints
Between pavement and structures
Special Provisions of Slipforming Paving.
Construction Joints
Stabilized base
JOINTING PATTERN FOR RIGID AIRFIELD PAVEMENTS
Replacements and Additions
Tied Joints (Navy Only)
Sample Joint Layouts
Sample Joint Layouts - continued - ufc3-260-20220
Sample Joint Layouts - continued - ufc3-260-20221
Figure 12-1. Plain concrete design curves for Army Helipads, Class I
Figure 12-2. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class II airfields
Figure 12-3. Plain concrete design curves for Army Class III airfields as defined in paragraph 4.c of Chapter 2
Figure 12-4. Plain Concrete Curves for Army Class IV airfields (C-130 aircraft) with runway ≤ 1,525 meters (5,000 feet)
Figure 12-5. Plain concrete design curves for army Class IV Airfields (C-17 aircraft) with runway >2,745 meters (9,000) feet
Figure 12-6. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force light-load pavements
Figure 12-7. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force medium-load pavements
Figure 12-8. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force heavy-load pavements
Figure 12-9. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force modified heavy-load pavements
Figure 12-10. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force C-130 assault landing zone pavements
Figure 12-11. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force C-17 assault landing zone
Figure 12-12. Plain concrete design curves for Air Force auxiliary pavements
Figure 12-13. Plain concrete design curves for F-15 aircraft
Figure 12-15. Plain concrete design curves for B-52 aircraft
Figure 12-16. Plain concrete design curves for B-1 aircraft
Figure 12-17. Plain concrete design curves for shoulders
Figure 12-19. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for single-wheel load (Navy)
Figure 12-20. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for P-3 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-21. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-130 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-22. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-141 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-23. Rigid pavement thickness design chart for C-5A aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-24. Chart for determining flexural stress for single-wheel gear (Navy)
Figure 12-25. Chart for determining flexural stress for P-3 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-26. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-130 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-27. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-141 aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-28. Chart for determining flexural stress for C-5A aircraft (Navy)
Figure 12-29. Typical jointing
Figure 12-30. Contraction joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-31. Joint sealant details for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 12-31. (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 12-31. (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 12-32. Construction joints for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 12-32. Construction joints for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 12-32. Construction joints for plain concrete pavements (Sheet 3 of 3)
Figure 12-33. Expansion joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-34. Slip joints for plain concrete pavements
Figure 12-35. Regid-flexible pavement junction (Army or Air Force)
Figure 12-36. Rigid-flexible pavement junction
Figure 12-37. PCC to AC joint detail (removal and construction)
Figure 12-38. PCC to AC joint detail (very little traffic expected)
Figure 12-39. Sample jointing pattern (SI units)
Figure 12-40. Sample jointing pattern (metric units)
Figure 12-41. Sample Jointing Pattern for 180-ft.-wide lanes
Figure 12-42. Sample jointing pattern at an intersection
Figure 12-43. Effects of confusion in sawing joints
Chapter 13. REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
REDUCED THICKNESS DESIGN - ARMY AND AIR FORCE.
Limitations to Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design Procedure
REINFORCEMENT TO CONTROL PAVEMENT CRACKING.
REINFORCING STEEL.
JOINTING.
EXAMPLES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN.
Table 13-1. Reinforced Concrete Pavement Design Example
Table 13-2. Reinforced Concrete PavementDesign Example on a Lean Concrete Base Course
Figure 13-1. Reinforced concrete pavement design
Figure 13-2. Typical layouts showing reinforcement of odd-shaped slabs and mismatched joints (Continued)
Figure 13-2. Typical layouts showing reinforcement of odd-shaped slabs and mismatched joints (Concluded)
Figure 13-3. Reinforcing steel details (Continued)
Figure 13-3. Reinforcing steel details (Concluded)
Figure 13-4. Contraction joints for reinforced concrete pavements
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 1 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 2 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 3 of 4)
Figure 13-5. Construction joints for reinforced concrete pavements (Sheet 4 of 4)
Figure 13-6. Expansion joints for reinforced concrete pavements
Chapter 14. FIBROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
ALLOWABLE DEFLECTION FOR FIBROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
EXAMPLE OF FIBROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN.
Figure 14-1. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for UH-60
Figure 14-2. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for CH-47
Figure 14-3. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for C-130
Figure 14-4. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force light-load airfields
Figure 14-5. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force medium-load airfields
Figure 14-6. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force heavy-load airfields
Figure 14-7. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force modified heavy-load airfields
Figure 14-8. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for Air Force shortfield airfields
Figure 14-9. Fibrous concrete pavement design curves for shoulders
Figure 14-10. Deflection curves for UH-60
Figure 14-11. Deflection curves for CH-47
Figure 14-12. Deflection curves for C-130
Figure 14-13. Deflection curves for Air Force light-load pavements
Figure 14-14. Deflection curves for Air Force medium-load pavements
Figure 14-15. Deflection curves for Air Force heavy-load pavements
Figure 14-16. Deflection curves for Air Force modified heavy-load pavements
Figure 14-17. Deflection curves for Air Force shortfield pavements
Figure 14-18. Deflection curves for shoulder pavements
Figure 14-19. Allowable deflection curves for fibrous concrete pavements
Figure 14-19. Allowable deflection curves for fibrous concrete pavements - concluded
Chapter 15. CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
REINFORCING STEEL DESIGN.
REINFORCING STEEL DESIGN - conitnued
JOINT SEALING - ufc3-260-20313
EXAMPLE OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
EXAMPLE OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN - continued
Figure 15-1. Details of a wide-flange beam joint
Chapter 16. PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
DESIGN PROCEDURE.
DESIGN PROCEDURE - continued
PRESTRESSING TENDON DESIGN.
PRESTRESSING TENDON DESIGN - continued
JOINTING
EXAMPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN
EXAMPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN - continued - ufc3-260-20324
EXAMPLES OF PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PAVEMENT DESIGN - continued - ufc3-260-20325
Figure 16-1. Stress repetitions versus load repetition factor
Figure 16-2. A/R2 versus load-moment factor
Figure 16-3. Ratio of multiple wheel gear to single-wheel gear load versus A/R2
Figure 16-4. Typical section of transverse joints
Figure 16-5. Typical transverse joint seals (Sheet 1 of 3)
Figure 16-5. Typical transverse joint seals (Sheet 2 of 3)
Figure 16-5. Typical transverse joint seals (Sheet 3 of 3)
design prestress
Chapter 17. OVERLAY PAVEMENT DESIGN
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
PREPARATION OF EXISTING PAVEMENT.
CONDITION OF EXISTING CONCRETE PAVEMENT.
CONDITION OF EXISTING CONCRETE PAVEMENT - continued
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT.
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20340
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20341
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20342
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20343
RIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued - ufc3-260-20344
NONRIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT.
NONRIGID OVERLAY OF EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT - continued
Table 17-1. Pass per Coverage Ratios
NONRIGID OVERLAY ON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
NONRIGID OVERLAY ON FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT - continued
OVERLAYS IN FROST REGIONS
Figure 17-1. Structural condition index versus condition factor
Figure 17-2. Factor for projecting cracking in a flexible pavement
Figure 17-3. Location guide for the use of geotextiles in retarding reflective cracking
Chapter 18. RIGID PAVEMENT INLAY DESIGN
RIGID INLAYS IN EXISTING RIGID PAVEMENT.
Figure 18-1. Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing flexible pavement
Figure 18-2. Typical rigid pavement inlay in existing rigid pavement
Chapter 19. LAYER ELASTIC DESIGN OF RIGID PAVEMENTS
MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION.
Bound Bases (Subbases).
Table 19-1. Recommended Maximum Stress Levels to Test Bituminous-Stabilized Materials
Unbound (Granular) Bases (Subbases).
Subgrade Soils.
DESIGN CRITERIA.
FROST CONSIDERATION
Base Slab Pavement Fatigue and Structural Condition
Time Periods
DESIGN EXAMPLES - ufc3-260-20368
DESIGN EXAMPLE 1, SINGLE AIRCRAFT
DESIGN EXAMPLE 2, MIXED AIRCRAFT TRAFFIC
Table 19-5. Characteristics of Design Aircraft
Table 19-6. Computation of Cumulative Damage for Mixed Traffic, 10-inch Stabilized Base Courses
Table 19-7. Relationship Between Cumulative Damage and PCC Thickness for Mixed Traffic
DESIGN EXAMPLE 4, ALTERNATE OVERLAY DESIGN PROCEDURE
Table 19-8. Data for Overlay Design, Example 4 (BAse Slab Calculations)
Table 19-9. Time Intervals for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) Overlay
Table 19-10. Computation of the Cumulative Damage for the 14-inch Overlay
Table 19-10. Computation of the Cumulative Damage for the 14-inch Overlay - concluded
Figure 19-1. Diagram for design of airfield rigid pavementsby layered elastic theory
Figure 19-2. Correlation between resilient modulus of elasticity and static modulus of soil reaction
Figure 19-3. Relationship between SCI and coverages at initial cracking and complete failure
Figure 19-5. Composite overlay performance curve
Figure 19-7. Effect of steel reinforcement on rigid pavements
Figure 19-8. Relationship between cumulative damage and concrete slab thickness for granular and stabilized bases (see Design Example 1)
Figure 19-9. Relationship between cumulative damage and pavement thickness, mixed aircraft traffic (see Design Example 2)
Figure 19-10. Base slab performance curve for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) overlay
Figure 19-12. Cumulative damage plot for the 356-millimeter (14-inch) overlay
Figure 19-14. Plot showing the overlay thickness versus the overlay life
Chapter 20. SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS
Table 20-1. Frost Design Classification
Table 20-2. Frost Susceptibility Classification
Table 20-3. Frost Area Soil Support Indexes (FASSI) for Subgrade Soils
Rigid Pavement Thickness Design
Rigid Pavement Thickness Design - continued
LIMITED SUBGRADE FROST PENETRATION METHOD
LIMITED SUBGRADE FROST PENETRATION METHOD - continued - ufc3-260-20396
LIMITED SUBGRADE FROST PENETRATION METHOD - continued - ufc3-260-20397
GRANULAR BASE- AND SUBBASE-COURSE REQUIREMENTS
DRAINAGE LAYER REQUIREMENTS
SUBGRADE REQUIREMENTS
CONTROL OF DIFFERENTIAL HEAVE AT DRAINS, CULVERTS, DUCTS, INLETS, HYDRANTS, AND LIGHTS
PAVEMENT THICKNESS TRANSITIONS.
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS.
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20406
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20407
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20408
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20409
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20410
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20411
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20412
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - conitnued
RIGID PAVEMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES FOR SEASONAL FROST CONDITIONS - continued - ufc3-260-20414
Figure 20-1. Frost area index of reaction (FAIR) for design of rigid pavements
Figure 20-2. Determination of freezing index
Figure 20-3. Distribution of design freezing indexes in North America
Figure 20-4. Distribution of mean freezing indexes in Northern Eurasia
Figure 20-5. Frost penetration beneath pavements
Figure 20-6. Design of combined base thickness for limited subgrade frost penetration
Figure 20-7. Placement of drainage layer in frost areas
Figure 20-8. Tapered transition used where embankment material differs from natural subgrade in cut
Figure 20-9. Subgrade details for cold regions
Figure 20-10. Transitions for culverts beneath pavements
Figure 20-11. Relationship between base course thickness and PCC thickness for example 1
Figure 20-12. Relationship between base course thickness and PCC thickness for example 2
Chapter 21. IMPROVING SKID RESISTANCE/REDUCING HYDROPLANING POTENTIAL OF RUNWAYS
IMPROVING RUNWAY FRACTION CHARACTERISTICS
Figure 21-1. Groove configuration for airfields
Appendix A. REFERENCES - ufc3-260-20430
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20431
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20432
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20433
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20434
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20435
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20436
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc3-260-20437
Appendix B. AIRFIELD/HELIPORT DESIGN ANALYSIS OUTLINE
SITE DESCRIPTION - ufc3-260-20439
TESTING
PAVEMENT THICKNESS DESIGN CRITERIA
PAVEMENT THICKNESS DESIGN - ufc3-260-20442
AIRFIELD LIGHTING AND NAVAIDS IMPROVEMENTS
LIST OF REQUIRED WAIVERS
Appendix C. RECOMMENDED CONTRACT DRAWING OUTLINE FOR AIRFIELD/HELIPORT PAVEMENTS
PHASING PLAN AND DETAILS.
BORING LOCATION PLAN AND BORING LOG DATA
EXISTING UTILITIES PLAN
PLAN AND PROFILE SHEETS.
REINFORCING DETAILS
Appendix D. WAIVER PROCESSING PROCEDURES
Additional Requirements
Effective Length of Waiver
Base Civil Engineer
Approval
Appendix E. DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE
TEST PROCEDURES - ufc3-260-20457
CALCULATIONS - ufc3-260-20458
Appendix F. CURVES FOR DETERMINING EFFECTIVE STRAIN REPETITIONS
Figure F-2.Effective repetitions of strain for UH-60 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-3. Effective repetitions of strain for CH-47 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-4. Effective repetitions of strain for CH-47 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-5. Effective repetitions of strain for OV-1 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-6. Effective repetitions of strain for OV-1 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-7. Effective repetitions of strain for C-12 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figyre F-8. Effective repetitions of strain for C-12 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-9. Effective repetitions of strain for C-130 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-10. Effective repetitions of strain for C-130 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-11. primary traffic areas types B and C traffic areas
Figure F-12. Effective repetitions of strain for F-15 aircraft, Air Force type A traffic areas
Figure F-13. Effective repetitions of strain for F-14 aircraft, types B, C and secondary traffic areas
Figure F-14. Effective repetitions of strain for F-14 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-15. Effective repetitions of strain for B-52 aircraft, types B, C or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-16. Effective repetitions of strain for B-52 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-17. Effective repetitions of strain for B-1 and C-141 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-18. Effective repetitions of strain for B-1 and C-141 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-19. Effective repetitions of strain for P-3 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-20. Effective repetitions of strain for P-3 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Figure F-21. Effective repetitions of strain for C-5 aircraft, types B, C, or secondary traffic areas
Figure F-22. Effective repetitions of strain for C-5 aircraft, type A or primary traffic areas
Appendix G. PROCEDURE FOR PREPARATION OF BITUMINOUS CYLINDRICAL SPECIMENS
PROCEDURE.
Appendix H. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE DYNAMIC MODULUS OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE MIXTURES
PROCEDURE - ufc3-260-20484
CALCULATIONS - ufc3-260-20485
Appendix I. PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE
STEPS OF PROCEDURE
Figure I-1. Relationship between penetration at 25 degrees C and ring-and-ball softening point for bitumens with different PI's
Figure I-2. Nomograph for determining the stiffness modulus of bitumens
Appendix J. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF UNBOUND GRANULAR BASE AND SUBBASE COURSE MATERIALS
EXAMPLES
Figure J-1. Relationships between modulus of layer n and modulus of layer n + 1 for various thicknesses of unbound base course and subbase course
Figure J-3. Modulus values determined for second example
Appendix K. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE FLEXURAL MODULUS AND FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF STABILIZED SOILS
Test Procedure
GRAPHICAL DETERMINATION OF FLEXURAL MODULUS FOR CHEMICALLY STABILIZED SOILS (CRACKED SECTION)
Figure K-2. Details of equipment setup
Figure K-3. Miscellaneous details
Appendix L. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING RESILIENT MODULUS OF SUBGRADE MATERIAL
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS - continued
Soils Containing Gravel
Q TEST WITH BACK-PRESSURE SATURATION
Back-Pressure Procedure
EQUIPMENT - ufc3-260-20505
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS AND PLACEMENT IN TRIAXIAL CELL - ufc3-260-20506
RESILIENCE TESTING OF COHESIVE SOILS
RESILIENCE TESTING OF COHESIONLESS SOILS.
INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS
INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS - continued
Figure L-1. Schematic diagram of typical triaxial compression apparatus
Figure L-2. Triaxial cell
Figure L-3. LVDT clamps
Figure L-4. Presentation of results of resilience tests on cohesive soils
Figure L-5. Presentation of results of resilience tests on cohesionless soils
Figure L-6. Estimated deviator stress at top of subgrade
Figure L-7. Determination of subgrade modulus for cohesive soils
Figure L-8. Relationship for estimating 2 due to overburden
Figure L-9. Estimated θ at top of subgrade
Figure L-10. Seclection of MRfor silty-sand subgrade with estimated thickness of 762 millimiters (30 inches) for 100,000 repitition ofs strain
Appendix M. PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING THE FATIGUE LIFE OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE
LABORATORY TEST METHOD
Report and Presentation of Results
Figure M-1. Repeated flexure apparatus
Figure M-2. Initial mixture bending strain versus repetitions to fracture in controlled stress tests
Fiure M-3. Provisional fatigue data for bituminous base-course materials
Appendix N. PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING THE RESILIENT MODULUS OF GRANULAR BASE MATERIAL
EQUIPMENT - ufc3-260-20528
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS AND PLACEMENT IN TRIAXIAL CELL - ufc3-260-20529
PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS AND PLACEMENT IN TRIAXIAL CELL - continued
COMPUTATIONS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS.
COMPUTATIONS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS - continued
Figure N-1. Triaxial cell used in resilience testing of granular base material
Figure N-2. Schematic of frictionless cap and base
Figure N-3. Details of Top LVDT ring clamp
Figure N-4. Details of bottom LVDT ring clamp
Figure N-5. Representation of results of resilience test on cohesionless soils
