MIL-HDBK-1164
kg/sq cm). For fire hydrants, the recommended minimum static pressure is 35 psi
(2.5 kg/sq cm).
For more detailed information on high-service pumps, see Section 6 of
this handbook.
3.3.4.4
Pressure Regulating Stations. Booster pumps are occasionally installed
to increase the pressure in a pipeline or in a specific zone of a distribution system to
help meet peak demands such as fire flow and to supply water to elevated storage
tanks. Booster pump stations are particularly suited for a distribution system located in
hilly country where there are two or more pressure zones, or on the periphery of an
overextended or overloaded distribution system. Booster pumping stations are usually
automatically or remotely controlled from the main pumping station and are normally
equipped with electrically driven centrifugal pumps. Sometimes it is necessary to take
water from a higher pressure zone and reduce the pressure for use in a lower pressure
zone. Pressure reducing valves are used to automatically throttle flow and maintain the
desired pressure in the lower distribution system zone.
3.4
Water Utility Staffing. Effective use of manpower in water treatment
facilities is important at all times for efficiency and economy, and is essential during
national emergencies.
3.4.1
Personnel Requirements. Military water supply systems vary so greatly in
design, arrangement, and complexity that the number of personnel needed cannot be
determined solely by installation population or water usage. The best approach is to
prepare a list of tasks that need to be performed, indicating how much time each task
will take and the knowledge and skills required to perform it. Analyzing this information
will help determine the qualifications and size of staff needed to operate and maintain
the facility.
Installations that do not provide treatment other than disinfection can
usually get by with 1 shift per day, 5 or 7 days per week. Nights, weekends, and
holidays can be covered by having key personnel on call. Treatment plants, however,
can require more attention depending on size, complexity, and production schedules.
Most states have specific staffing criteria based on size and complexity of the treatment
facility.
An estimate of O&M labor needs can be obtained by applying the
5/3 Rule. That is, for an effort of 7 days per week, 3 shifts per day, 1 position equals
5/3 staff members. The concept can be adjusted for other work periods (such as 1 shift
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