Table 8
Chemicals Used in Water Treatment
Common or
Suitable
Avail-able
Solu-bility,
AWW
Chemical Name and
Trade Name
Shipping
Handling
Forms
W eight,
lb/gal
Commercial
Character-istics
A
3
Formula
Containers
Materials
lb/ft
Strength
Stan-
dard
Coagulation
Aluminum sulfate,
Alum, filter
100-, 200-lb
Dry--iron, steel;
Ivory-colored:
4.2 (60F)
15-22% A1203
pH of 1%
B 403
Al2(SO4)314H20
alum, sulfate
bags; 300-,
solution--lead-
powder
solution, 3.4
of alumina
400-lb bbls.;
lined rubber,
granule
38-45
bulk (carloads)
silicon, asphalt,
lump
60-63
316 stainless
62-67
steel
Liquid alum
Bulk; tank
Crystallizes at
Pale green
8.3% A1203
trucks, tank
liquid
5F
liquid
cars
Ammonium aluminum
Ammonia
Bags; bbls.;
Duriron, lead,
Lump
64-68
0.3 (32F),
11% A12O3
pH of 1%
sulfate,
alum, crystal
bulk
rubber, silicon,
Nut
62
8.3 (212F)
solution, 3.5
A12(SO4)3(NH4)2SO4
alum
iron, stoneware
Pea
65
24H20
Powdered
60
Bentonite
Colloidal
100-lb bags;
Iron, steel
Powder,
60
(Insol-uble
clay, volclay,
bulk
pellet, mixed
colloi-dal
wilkinite
sizes
suspen-sion
used)
Ferric chloride,
(a) FeCl3(35-45%
"Ferri-chlor,"
5-, 13-gal
Glass, rubber,
Dark brown
Complete
37-47% FeCl3,
solution)
chloride of
carboys;
stoneware,
syrupy liquid
20-21% Fe
iron
trucks; tank
synthetic resins
cars
(b) FeC136H2O
Crystal ferric
300-lb bbls.
Yellow-brown
59-61% FeCl3,
Hygroscopic
chloride
lump
20-21% Fe
(store lumps and
powder in tight
containers); no
dry feed;
optimum pH,
4.0-11.0
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