UFC 3-240-13FN
25 May 2005
Table 2-1. Makeup Water Treatment Methods for Removing Impurities
Impurity
Removal/Reduction Method
Sodium ion exchange
Hydrogen ion exchange
Lime-soda softening
Hardness (calcium &
magnesium)
RO
Electrodialysis
Lime-soda softening
Alkalinity (bicarbonate &
Hydrogen ion exchange (followed by degasifying)
carbonate)
Dealkalization (chloride ion exchange)
SS/turbidity
Filtration/clarification
Demineralization (deionization)
Dissolved solids
RO
Electrodialysis
Aeration (converts to precipitated iron), then filtration
Dissolved iron
Sodium ion exchange (iron will foul the resin)
Dissolved gases (carbon dioxide, Aeration
hydrogen sulfide, methane)
Degasifying
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