OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: HEATING SYSTEMS
Record of Changes - 3_410_050002
FOREWORD - 3_410_050003
CONTENTS - 3_410_050004
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_410_050005
REFERENCES - 3_410_050006
APPENDIX A. MIL-HDBK 1114/2 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: HEATING SYSTEMS
MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION OF HEATING SYSTEMS
FOREWORD - 3_410_050010
CONTENTS - 3_410_050011
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_050012
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_050013
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_050014
FIGURES - 3_410_050015
FIGURES-continued - 3_410_050016
FIGURES-continued - 3_410_050017
TABLES - 3_410_050018
Section 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_410_050020
Maintenance Program - 3_410_050021
Tool Requirement
Safety - 3_410_050023
Safety-continued
Section 1. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 2. RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL GAS FIRED FURNACES
Figure 1. LP Storage Tank
Figure 2. Pressure/Temperature Relationship for Propane and Butane
Gas Burning Equipment
Figure 3. Cross Section of a Typical Atmospheric Gas Burner
Figure 4. Fixed Orifice for Delivery of Fuel Gas
Table 1. Orifice Capacity Table (1000 Btu/hr)
Light-Off
Pilot Burner
Figure 6. Electrical Voltage Generation Using Two Diodes
Figure 8. Pilot Light Flame Positions
Combination Gas Valve
Figure 10. Combination Gas Valve
Bimetal Type Pilot
Heat Exchanger - 3_410_050040
Figure 13. Low Gas Pressure Cutout
Furnace Fan
Figure 15. Furnace Arrangements
Figure 17. Fan Safety Cutoff Switches
Figure 18. Time Delay Fan Switch
Figure 19. Internals of Time Delay Fan Switch
Figure 20. Combination Fan Limit Switch
Millivoltage Systems
Pilot Relay
Figure 22. Pilot Generator and Thermocouple Construction
Figure 23. Pilot Operated Diaphragm Valve
Automatic Flue Damper
Electronic Ignition Systems
Retrofitting to Electronic Ignition
Condensing Furnaces
Table 2. Pilot Burner Service Analyis Chart
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations-continued - 3_410_050058
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations-continued - 3_410_050059
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations-continued - 3_410_050060
Section 2. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 3. RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL OIL-FIRED FURNACES
Oil Combustion
Oil Combustion -continued
Table 4. Amount by Weight and Volume of Conmbustion Products When One Pound of Fuel Oil is Burned
Table 5. Amount by Weight and Volume of Combustion Products When One Pound of Fuel Oil is Burned
Role of Excess Air in Combustion
Figure 27. Representation of the Effect of Excess Air on Combustion Gas Temperature
Figure 28. The Effect of Excess Air on Carbon Dioxide
ExcessAir-Smoke Relationship
Combustion Chamber
Floor Size
Figure 30. Combustion Chamber Design
Table 6. Combustion Chamber Sizing Data
Table 6. Combustion Chamber Sizing Data-continue
Soft Refractory
Figure 31. Recommeded Minimum Inside Dimensions of Refractory Type Combustion Chambers
Heat Exchanger - 3_410_050078
Draft - 3_410_050079
Figure 32. Approximate Relationship for Percent Excess Air With Flame Temperature and Volume of Combustion Gases
Draft-continued
Draft Regulators
Figure 33. Draft Regulator
Flue and Chimney Exhaust
Table 8. Recommended Size and Height for Chimneys
Table 9. Common Chimney Troubles and Their Corrections
Figure 34. Diagram of Common Chimney Troubles
Figure 35. Oil Burner for Residential Use
Flame-Retention Burners
Figure 38. Flame Retention Oil Burner
Figure 39. Conventional and Retention Head Flames
Function of Flame Retention Burners
Adverse Effects of Flame Retention Burners
Burner Motor
Primary Controls
Figure 41. Stack-Mounted Primary Control
Figure 42. One Piece Primary Control
Stack Detector
Flue Gas Measurement and Flue Loss Efficiency
Assumptions - 3_410_050100
Oxygen Measurements
Figure 46. Theoretical Combustion Relationship Between Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen for No. 2 Heating Oil
Figure 47. Bacharach instrument Company's Fire Finder Efficiency Chart
Table 10. Efficiency Table for No. 2 Oil (Oxygen vs. Temperature)
Table 10. Efficiency Table for No. 2 Oil (Oxygen vs. Temperature)-continued
Table 11. Efficiency Table for No. 2 Oil (Carbon Dioxide vs. Temperature)
Table 11. Efficiency Table for No. 2 Oil (Carbon Dioxide vs. Temperature)-continued
Figure 48. Graph of Heating Plant Efficiency
Measurement of Carbon Dioxide or Oxygen
Amount of Carbon Dioxide in a Gas Stream
Testing with Fyrite
Other Carbon Dioxide or Oxygen Measurement Techniques
Measurement of Flue Gas Temperature
Smoke Measurement
Figure 51. Bacharach Smoke Spot Tester
Draft - 3_410_050116
Figure 52. Oil Burner Smoke Scale
Figure 53. Draft Measurement Devices
Troubleshooting
Burner Does Not Operate Correctly
Burner Does Not Operate Correctly-continued
Section 3. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 4. THERMOSTATS
Figure 55. Three-Wire Thermostat With a Subbase
Thermostats-continued
Figure 56. Manual Changeover, Heating and Cooling Thermostat With Subbase
Figure 57. Internal Wiring of a Four-Wire Heating/Cooling Thermostat
Figure 58. System Wiring for a Four-Wire Thermostat With Heating and Cooling Anticipators
Figure 59. Four-Wire Thermostat Subbase
Table 12. Thermostat Service Analysis
Gas Furnace Electrical Circuits
Figure 61. Temperature Limit Switch in 120-Volt Circuit
Figure 62. Horizontal or Downflow Furnace With Timed Start Fan Control
Figure 63. Furnace With Bimetal Pilot Safety Switch
Figure 64. Honeywell S-86 Electronic Ignition Circuit
Figure 65. Intermittent Pilot System (IPS)
Figure 65. Intermittent Pilot System (IPS)-continued
Figure 66. Direct Spark Ignition System Troubleshooting Procedure
Figure 67. Carrier, BDP, Payne Pick-Hold Type Ignition
Figure 68. Automatic Pilot Reignition System Used on Roof-Top Furnaces
Figure 69. Automatic Electronic Reignition System
Oil Furnace Electrical Circuits
Figure 70. Honeywell R8118 Oil Burner Control
Figure 71. Honeywell R8119 Oil Primary Control
Section 4. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 5. ELECTRIC HEAT
Heating Element
Figure 73. Electric Heating Element
Operating Sequence
Blower Control
Figure 76. Electric Heat Single Element
Electric Furnace Electrical Circuits-continued
Figure 77. Electric Heat - Two Elements Operated From a Two-Stage Room Thermostat
Figure 78. Electric Heat - Three Elements Sequenced From One Room Thermostat
Figure 79. Electric Heat - Two Elements Sequenced From One Room Thermostat and an Outdoor Thermostat
Section 5. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 6. STEAM AND HOT WATER SYSTEMS
Two-Pipe Water System
Control of Water Coils
Figure 83. Two-Pipe Reverse Return Hot Water System
Figure 84. Two-Pipe Reverse Return System used to Provide Heating or Cooling
Figure 85. Unit Heater
Figure 86. Face and Bypass Dampers
Steam Piping
Condensate Systems - 3_410_050165
Condensate Piping
Figure 90. End-of-Main Drip Leg Prevents Accumulation of Condensate in the Stream Header
Figure 92. Lifting Condensate to an Overhead Return Header
Figure 93. Modulated Steam Coil With Vacuum Breaker and 12 - to 24 - Inch Minimum Liquid Leg
Figure 94. Steam Distributing (Non-Freeze) Type Coil
Condensate Pumps
Figure 96. Piping Detail to Allow for Pipe Expansion
Section 6. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 7. STEAM TRAPS
Mechanical Traps
Thermostatic Traps
Figure 98. Float Trap
Figure 100. Bimetallic Trap
Liquid Filled Bellows or Diaphragm Trap
Figure 102. Float and Thermostatic (F&T) Trap
Figure 103. Operation of a Float and Thermostatic Trap
Thermodynamic Traps
Figure 105. Orifice Traps
Piston Impulse Trap
Disk Trap
Selecting the Type of Trap
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide-continued - 3_410_050188
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide-continued - 3_410_050189
Table 14. Steam Trap Operating Characteristics
Table 14. Steam Trap Operating Characteristics-continued
Trap Limitations
Sizing Traps
Table 15. Estimating Condensate Loads
Installation Guidelines
Figure 108. Typical Steam Trap Installations
Installation Guidelines-continued - 3_410_050197
Installation Guidelines-continued - 3_410_050198
Implementing Standards
Table 18. Examples of Steam Loss for Various Orifice Sizes at 100 psig
Replacing Old or Faulty Traps
Continous Inspection and Maintenance
Establishing an Inspection and Maintenance Program
System Standards
Figure 109. Example Baseline Survey Form
Table 19. Inspection and Maintenance Program Training
Inspection Schedules
Upgrade of the System
Inspection Methods - 3_410_050209
Figure 110. Illustration of Difference Between Flash Steam and Live Steam
Sound Detection
Table 20. Normal Pipe Temperature at Various Operating Pressures
Figure 111. Steam Trap Inspection Equipment
Inspection for Misapplication
Trap Failures
Inspection Reports and Records
Table 21. Troubleshooting Steam Traps
Table 21. Troubleshooting Steam Traps-continued
Figure 112. Example of Inspection Log
Trap Repair and Replacement
Table - 3_410_050221
Figure 113. Steam Trap Shop Test Stand
Section 7. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 8. HEAT PUMPS
Heat Pump Components
Figure 116. Refrigerant Piping for a Heat Pump
Four-Way Reversing Valve
Figure 118. Four-Way Reversing Drive
Effect of Outside Temperature
Figure 8. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 9. HEATING SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
Gas Burners - 3_410_050232
Controls-continued
Section 9. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
APPENDIX A. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION SCHEDULE
APPENDIX A. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION SCHEDULE-continued - 3_410_050236
APPENDIX A. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION SCHEDULE-continued - 3_410_050237
HOT WATER BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)
HOT WATER BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050239
HOT WATER BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050240
STEAM BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)
STEAM BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050242
STEAM BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050243
STEAM BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050244
HEAT PUMPS Compressors
HEAT PUMPS Coils
ACCESSORIES Oil Traps and Separators
ACCESSORIES Thermostats
ACCESSORIES Other Accessories
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS-continued - 3_410_050251
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS-continued - 3_410_050252
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS-continued - 3_410_050253
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS-continued - 3_410_050254
REFERENCES - 3_410_050255
GLOSSARY - 3_410_050256
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050257
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050258
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050259
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050260
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050261
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050262
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050263
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050264
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050265
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050266
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050267
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050268
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050269
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050270
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050271
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050272
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050273
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050274
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050275
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050276
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050277
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050278
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050279
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050280
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050281
STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL - 3_410_050282
3_410_05
Record of Changes - 3_410_050002
FOREWORD - 3_410_050003
CONTENTS - 3_410_050004
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_410_050005
REFERENCES - 3_410_050006
APPENDIX A. MIL-HDBK 1114/2 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE: HEATING SYSTEMS
MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION OF HEATING SYSTEMS
FOREWORD - 3_410_050010
CONTENTS - 3_410_050011
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_050012
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_050013
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_050014
FIGURES - 3_410_050015
FIGURES-continued - 3_410_050016
FIGURES-continued - 3_410_050017
TABLES - 3_410_050018
Section 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_410_050020
Maintenance Program - 3_410_050021
Tool Requirement
Safety - 3_410_050023
Safety-continued
Section 1. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 2. RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL GAS FIRED FURNACES
Figure 1. LP Storage Tank
Figure 2. Pressure/Temperature Relationship for Propane and Butane
Gas Burning Equipment
Figure 3. Cross Section of a Typical Atmospheric Gas Burner
Figure 4. Fixed Orifice for Delivery of Fuel Gas
Table 1. Orifice Capacity Table (1000 Btu/hr)
Light-Off
Pilot Burner
Figure 6. Electrical Voltage Generation Using Two Diodes
Figure 8. Pilot Light Flame Positions
Combination Gas Valve
Figure 10. Combination Gas Valve
Bimetal Type Pilot
Heat Exchanger - 3_410_050040
Figure 13. Low Gas Pressure Cutout
Furnace Fan
Figure 15. Furnace Arrangements
Figure 17. Fan Safety Cutoff Switches
Figure 18. Time Delay Fan Switch
Figure 19. Internals of Time Delay Fan Switch
Figure 20. Combination Fan Limit Switch
Millivoltage Systems
Pilot Relay
Figure 22. Pilot Generator and Thermocouple Construction
Figure 23. Pilot Operated Diaphragm Valve
Automatic Flue Damper
Electronic Ignition Systems
Retrofitting to Electronic Ignition
Condensing Furnaces
Table 2. Pilot Burner Service Analyis Chart
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations-continued - 3_410_050058
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations-continued - 3_410_050059
Table 3. Troubleshooting Furnace Operations-continued - 3_410_050060
Section 2. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 3. RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL OIL-FIRED FURNACES
Oil Combustion
Oil Combustion -continued
Table 4. Amount by Weight and Volume of Conmbustion Products When One Pound of Fuel Oil is Burned
Table 5. Amount by Weight and Volume of Combustion Products When One Pound of Fuel Oil is Burned
Role of Excess Air in Combustion
Figure 27. Representation of the Effect of Excess Air on Combustion Gas Temperature
Figure 28. The Effect of Excess Air on Carbon Dioxide
ExcessAir-Smoke Relationship
Combustion Chamber
Floor Size
Figure 30. Combustion Chamber Design
Table 6. Combustion Chamber Sizing Data
Table 6. Combustion Chamber Sizing Data-continue
Soft Refractory
Figure 31. Recommeded Minimum Inside Dimensions of Refractory Type Combustion Chambers
Heat Exchanger - 3_410_050078
Draft - 3_410_050079
Figure 32. Approximate Relationship for Percent Excess Air With Flame Temperature and Volume of Combustion Gases
Draft-continued
Draft Regulators
Figure 33. Draft Regulator
Flue and Chimney Exhaust
Table 8. Recommended Size and Height for Chimneys
Table 9. Common Chimney Troubles and Their Corrections
Figure 34. Diagram of Common Chimney Troubles
Figure 35. Oil Burner for Residential Use
Flame-Retention Burners
Figure 38. Flame Retention Oil Burner
Figure 39. Conventional and Retention Head Flames
Function of Flame Retention Burners
Adverse Effects of Flame Retention Burners
Burner Motor
Primary Controls
Figure 41. Stack-Mounted Primary Control
Figure 42. One Piece Primary Control
Stack Detector
Flue Gas Measurement and Flue Loss Efficiency
Assumptions - 3_410_050100
Oxygen Measurements
Figure 46. Theoretical Combustion Relationship Between Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen for No. 2 Heating Oil
Figure 47. Bacharach instrument Company's Fire Finder Efficiency Chart
Table 10. Efficiency Table for No. 2 Oil (Oxygen vs. Temperature)
Table 10. Efficiency Table for No. 2 Oil (Oxygen vs. Temperature)-continued
Table 11. Efficiency Table for No. 2 Oil (Carbon Dioxide vs. Temperature)
Table 11. Efficiency Table for No. 2 Oil (Carbon Dioxide vs. Temperature)-continued
Figure 48. Graph of Heating Plant Efficiency
Measurement of Carbon Dioxide or Oxygen
Amount of Carbon Dioxide in a Gas Stream
Testing with Fyrite
Other Carbon Dioxide or Oxygen Measurement Techniques
Measurement of Flue Gas Temperature
Smoke Measurement
Figure 51. Bacharach Smoke Spot Tester
Draft - 3_410_050116
Figure 52. Oil Burner Smoke Scale
Figure 53. Draft Measurement Devices
Troubleshooting
Burner Does Not Operate Correctly
Burner Does Not Operate Correctly-continued
Section 3. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 4. THERMOSTATS
Figure 55. Three-Wire Thermostat With a Subbase
Thermostats-continued
Figure 56. Manual Changeover, Heating and Cooling Thermostat With Subbase
Figure 57. Internal Wiring of a Four-Wire Heating/Cooling Thermostat
Figure 58. System Wiring for a Four-Wire Thermostat With Heating and Cooling Anticipators
Figure 59. Four-Wire Thermostat Subbase
Table 12. Thermostat Service Analysis
Gas Furnace Electrical Circuits
Figure 61. Temperature Limit Switch in 120-Volt Circuit
Figure 62. Horizontal or Downflow Furnace With Timed Start Fan Control
Figure 63. Furnace With Bimetal Pilot Safety Switch
Figure 64. Honeywell S-86 Electronic Ignition Circuit
Figure 65. Intermittent Pilot System (IPS)
Figure 65. Intermittent Pilot System (IPS)-continued
Figure 66. Direct Spark Ignition System Troubleshooting Procedure
Figure 67. Carrier, BDP, Payne Pick-Hold Type Ignition
Figure 68. Automatic Pilot Reignition System Used on Roof-Top Furnaces
Figure 69. Automatic Electronic Reignition System
Oil Furnace Electrical Circuits
Figure 70. Honeywell R8118 Oil Burner Control
Figure 71. Honeywell R8119 Oil Primary Control
Section 4. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 5. ELECTRIC HEAT
Heating Element
Figure 73. Electric Heating Element
Operating Sequence
Blower Control
Figure 76. Electric Heat Single Element
Electric Furnace Electrical Circuits-continued
Figure 77. Electric Heat - Two Elements Operated From a Two-Stage Room Thermostat
Figure 78. Electric Heat - Three Elements Sequenced From One Room Thermostat
Figure 79. Electric Heat - Two Elements Sequenced From One Room Thermostat and an Outdoor Thermostat
Section 5. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 6. STEAM AND HOT WATER SYSTEMS
Two-Pipe Water System
Control of Water Coils
Figure 83. Two-Pipe Reverse Return Hot Water System
Figure 84. Two-Pipe Reverse Return System used to Provide Heating or Cooling
Figure 85. Unit Heater
Figure 86. Face and Bypass Dampers
Steam Piping
Condensate Systems - 3_410_050165
Condensate Piping
Figure 90. End-of-Main Drip Leg Prevents Accumulation of Condensate in the Stream Header
Figure 92. Lifting Condensate to an Overhead Return Header
Figure 93. Modulated Steam Coil With Vacuum Breaker and 12 - to 24 - Inch Minimum Liquid Leg
Figure 94. Steam Distributing (Non-Freeze) Type Coil
Condensate Pumps
Figure 96. Piping Detail to Allow for Pipe Expansion
Section 6. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 7. STEAM TRAPS
Mechanical Traps
Thermostatic Traps
Figure 98. Float Trap
Figure 100. Bimetallic Trap
Liquid Filled Bellows or Diaphragm Trap
Figure 102. Float and Thermostatic (F&T) Trap
Figure 103. Operation of a Float and Thermostatic Trap
Thermodynamic Traps
Figure 105. Orifice Traps
Piston Impulse Trap
Disk Trap
Selecting the Type of Trap
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide-continued - 3_410_050188
Table 13. Steam Trap Selection Guide-continued - 3_410_050189
Table 14. Steam Trap Operating Characteristics
Table 14. Steam Trap Operating Characteristics-continued
Trap Limitations
Sizing Traps
Table 15. Estimating Condensate Loads
Installation Guidelines
Figure 108. Typical Steam Trap Installations
Installation Guidelines-continued - 3_410_050197
Installation Guidelines-continued - 3_410_050198
Implementing Standards
Table 18. Examples of Steam Loss for Various Orifice Sizes at 100 psig
Replacing Old or Faulty Traps
Continous Inspection and Maintenance
Establishing an Inspection and Maintenance Program
System Standards
Figure 109. Example Baseline Survey Form
Table 19. Inspection and Maintenance Program Training
Inspection Schedules
Upgrade of the System
Inspection Methods - 3_410_050209
Figure 110. Illustration of Difference Between Flash Steam and Live Steam
Sound Detection
Table 20. Normal Pipe Temperature at Various Operating Pressures
Figure 111. Steam Trap Inspection Equipment
Inspection for Misapplication
Trap Failures
Inspection Reports and Records
Table 21. Troubleshooting Steam Traps
Table 21. Troubleshooting Steam Traps-continued
Figure 112. Example of Inspection Log
Trap Repair and Replacement
Table - 3_410_050221
Figure 113. Steam Trap Shop Test Stand
Section 7. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 8. HEAT PUMPS
Heat Pump Components
Figure 116. Refrigerant Piping for a Heat Pump
Four-Way Reversing Valve
Figure 118. Four-Way Reversing Drive
Effect of Outside Temperature
Figure 8. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
Section 9. HEATING SYSTEMS MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
Gas Burners - 3_410_050232
Controls-continued
Section 9. SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
APPENDIX A. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION SCHEDULE
APPENDIX A. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION SCHEDULE-continued - 3_410_050236
APPENDIX A. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION SCHEDULE-continued - 3_410_050237
HOT WATER BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)
HOT WATER BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050239
HOT WATER BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050240
STEAM BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)
STEAM BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050242
STEAM BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050243
STEAM BOILERS (350, 000 Btu/h or less)-continued - 3_410_050244
HEAT PUMPS Compressors
HEAT PUMPS Coils
ACCESSORIES Oil Traps and Separators
ACCESSORIES Thermostats
ACCESSORIES Other Accessories
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS-continued - 3_410_050251
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS-continued - 3_410_050252
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS-continued - 3_410_050253
APPENDIX B. ANSWERS TO SELF-STUDY QUESTIONS-continued - 3_410_050254
REFERENCES - 3_410_050255
GLOSSARY - 3_410_050256
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050257
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050258
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050259
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050260
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050261
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050262
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050263
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050264
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050265
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050266
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050267
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050268
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050269
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050270
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050271
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050272
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050273
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050274
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050275
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050276
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050277
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050278
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050279
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050280
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_050281
STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL - 3_410_050282
3_410_05
