MIL-HDBK-1003/11
fuel oil centrifuging of all fuels delivered by water transport as fuels can
be easily contaminated with water or solids. Provide heating for heavy fuel
oils, and in cold climates for all fuels. Filtration shall be provided for
all types of fuel. Comply with applicable state and local regulations
concerning storage and treatment of fuels.
5.4.5.3 Conversion Fuel. On prime duty, Design 2 plants, provide
additional space for installing future additions to the fuel handling
equipment, for example, fuel storage for residual fuel and pilot diesel fuel
if required, plus residual fuel heaters and centrifuges, dirty fuel tanks
and similar items.
5.4.6 Fuel Storage and Day Tank Volumes. Use above-ground storage tanks
within diked areas. Provide 30-day storage capacity for prime duty plants
and 7-day storage for standby/emergency duty plants unless local conditions
will allow less or require greater volume. Storage tank volume shall be
based on the rate of fuel consumption of all engines including spares, at
100 percent load, multiplied by a 0.75 operating factor. Tanks should be
selected in standard manufactured sizes and should be vertical or
horizontal, as best suits the site conditions. The use of underground
storage tanks may be considered for small plants if leak detection and
double containment provisions are provided. Day tank volumes shall be
determined based on the following:
5.4.6.1 Prime Duty Plants. Provide a day tank for each engine with storage
for not less than 2 hours full load operation and with automatic transfer
pumps and level controls.
5.4.6.2 Standby/Emergency Duty Plants in Standby Service. Provide
manually-filled day tanks, each of a capacity able to satisfy 8 hours of
full load operations.
5.4.6.3 Standby/Emergency Duty Plants in Emergency Service. Provide a day
tank and transfer pump unit for each engine, as recommended by the engine
manufacturer. Interior tank capacities shall not exceed the requirements
given in the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) No. 37, Stationary
Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines.
5.4.6.4 Bulk Fuel Storage and Handling. Storing and receiving of fuel oil
outside the generating plant is covered in NAVFAC DM-22 and in the
definitive designs and guide specifications of the oil-fired definitive
power plants listed in NAVFAC P-272, Part II, which includes handling the
fuel in plants. For rules and regulations, refer to NFPA No. 31, Oil
Burning Equipment.
5.4.7 Air Intake Systems. Use an outdoor air intake for all prime and
standby/emergency duty plant designs, except for very small units in warm
climates. Intake velocities and pressure drops should be selected in
keeping with engine limitations. In frigid temperature zones, air
preheating, or a bypass of outside air sources should be provided to
facilitate engine starting. Four-stroke engines require approximately 3 to
3.5 cfm of free air
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