MIL-HDBK-1003/11
5.4.10.1 Ebullient Cooling. Ebullient cooling may be used if an economic
advantage can be demonstrated. The use of steam must be continuous and
cannot replace heat recovery from jacket coolant or heat recovery silencers.
Selection of ebullient cooling requires NAVFACENGCOM Headquarters approval.
(Refer to Section 4 for ebullient cooling applications and limitations.)
5.4.10.2 Selection Guidance. Outside cooling units shall be carefully
sited and oriented so as to minimize the effect of prevailing winds and
adjacent structures on the equipment cooling capacity. Vertically
discharging radiators and cooling towers should be given preference over
other types and configurations. Where ambient air temperatures are
favorable, the use of radiator (dry) type cooling will reduce maintenance
costs and water treatment requirements. Engine radiant heat and generator
heat must be removed by the building ventilation system. Sufficient
ventilation shall be provided to limit temperature rise to 15deg. F (9deg.
C) above ambient wherever possible. Refer to Section 15 for minimum
ventilation requirements.
5.4.10.3 Design Temperature. Outside ambient temperatures given in design
guides such as NAVFAC P-89, Engineering Weather Data; are usually not peak
temperatures. Their use in the selection of cooling equipment such a
radiators for engines may not be adequate as peak electrical loads can occur
at the same times as those of maximum temperature. It is recommended that
summer design dry bulb temperatures be increased by 10deg. F to 15deg. F
(6deg. C to 9deg. C) over the design temperature listed in NAVFAC P-89. In
no case should the design temperature be less than 110deg. F (61deg. C).
Incalculable factors such as wind direction and eddies, unusual weather
conditions, and other causes of air recirculation through a radiator or
cooling tower, can only be incorporated into plant design by such means.
5.4.11 Lubricating Oil Systems. The lubricating oil system should include
clean and dirty oil storage tanks, transfer pumps, piping for transfer and
unloading, filters and operating control systems. Storage tank size needs
vary for unit and plant sizes. Sufficient supplies of lubricating oil shall
be provided so that a delay in delivery will not impair plant operation.
Oil storage tank volumes shall be based on the engine manufacturer's oil
consumption data for the specific engines involved with all engines in the
plant including spares, operating at 100 percent load multiplied by a 0.75
operating factor. Containerized storage is allowed for both clean and dirty
oil storage on smaller sized standby/emergency duty generating plants.
5.4.11.1 Lubricating Oil Filters. Engines are normally supplied with
lubricant filters, pumps, and coolers by the engine manufacturer. If they
are to be supplied separately, they should conform to the engine
manufacturer's specifications. Each Design 1 to Design 4 engine should be
fitted with a duplex full-flow filter. Design 4 standby/emergency plants
shall always be provided with a bypass-type oil filter. Bypass filtering
may not be economically justified for the smaller Design 3 plants. Strainer
mesh size shall conform to the engine manufacturer's standard practice.
5.4.11.2 Warm-Up Systems. All engines should be fitted with jacket
coolant, and in some cases lubricant oil warm-up systems, as recommended by
the engine manufacturer when operating temperatures warrant. The lubricant
warm-up system is usually required on standby/emergency units.
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