UFC 4-150-06
12 December 2001
Table 5-10 Factors Affecting Location of Berthing Basins
Factor
Requirement and Comment
Protection
Locate berthing basins in harbor areas that are best protected
from wind and wave disturbances and/or in areas remote from
the disturbances incident upon the harbor entrance.
Orientation
Orient berths for ease of navigation to and from entrance and
channel.
Offshore Area
Provide sufficient area offshore of berths for turning ships,
preferably without use of tugs.
Quayage adequacy
Adequate quayage shall be provided for expected traffic.
Expansion
Provide area for future expansion.
Fouling and Borers
Where possible, locate berthing basin in area of harbor with
minimum fouling conditions and minimum incidence of marine
borers. Elliott, Tressler, and Meyers (1952) indicate some
advantages for locations in the ebb side of an estuary harbor.
The ebb side of an estuary in the Northern Hemisphere is the
right side looking seaward.
Foundations
Where feasible, locate in area of favorable subsoil conditions, in
order to minimize cost of berthing structures.
Supporting shore
Locate supporting shore facilities in proximity to their respective
facilities
berths. Adequate space and access for upland road and
railroad facilities are essential. In general, it is desirable to
have a wide marginal street at the inshore ends of the piers or
wharves and a wide street on the pier axis. Annual capacity
per terminal is based on commercial throughput values
obtained from Hockney (1979).
Single Berth Terminal
Cargo Throughput
by Cargo Class
(tons per year)
Break-bulk general
66,000
Neo-bulk general cargo
130,000
Containerized general cargo
360,000
Dry bulk silo storage
1,000,000
Dry bulk open storage low
500,000
density
Dry bulk open storage high
1,000,000
density
Liquid bulk other than petroleum
80,000
Petroleum bulk up to 50,000 dwt
ships
1,500,000
Petroleum bulk 30,000 to 200,000
dwt ships
6,000,000
5-58
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