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 UFC 3-460-03F
21 JANUARY 2003
Hydrostatic headPressure caused by a column of fluid.
Hydrostatic testA test for leaks in a piping system using liquid under pressure as the test medium.
Jet fuelFuel used in jet aircraft engines.
JP-4A grade of jet fuel: vapor pressure = 2 to 3 psi; flash point = -29 C (-20 F); viscosity at
16 C (60 F) = 1.81 centistokes; freeze point = -58 C (-72 F); specific gravity = 0.79.
JP-5 (NATO F-44)A high-quality kerosene fuel with a flash point of 60 C (140 F) or higher, a
freeze point of -51.7 C (-61 F), a relative density of 48 to 36 API, and a specific gravity of 0.788 to
0.845. This fuel is primarily used by the Navy for use on carriers because of its high flash point.
JP-8 (NATO F-34)A high-quality kerosene fuel with a flash point of 3.2 C (37.8 F) or higher, a
freeze point of -47.2 C (-52.9 F), a relative density of 51 to 37 API, and a specific gravity of 0.775
to 0.840.
JP-8+100 (NATO F-34+100)JP-8 fuel with an additive to increase fuel thermal stability by 38 C
(100 F). It has properties that reduce carbon buildup in engines and cleans certain engines with limited
buildup. It disarms conventional filter/separator (F/S) coalescers and replacements are not expected in
the field until 2001.
KeroseneA class of refined oil that boils between 188 and 268 C (370 and 515 F). It is the primary
ingredient of JP-5 and JP-8.
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)Sometimes referred to as the lower flammable limit (LFL). The
minimum concentration of a flammable vapor in air that will ignite if an ignition source is applied.
Liquid fuelsAny liquid used as fuel that can be poured or pumped.
LiquidA fluid that pours easily and will take the shape of the container it fills. Liquid is almost
incompressible.
LoadingA fuel issue connection, where fuel is loaded on refueling units.
LubricantsMaterials, especially oils, grease, and solids such as graphite, used to decrease friction.
MicronA unit of length equal to one millionth (1/1,000,000) of a meter.
NippleA short length of pipe.
Nonsparking toolsMade of a metal alloy that which, when struck against other objects, do not
usually cause sparks of sufficient temperature to ignite flammable vapors.
NozzleA spout or connection through which fuel is discharged.
OffloadingThe process of unloading fuel by tank truck or tank car.
Oil/water separatorA device used to separate mixtures of oil and water.
Open circuitIncomplete electrical circuit or path. When a switch or circuit breaker is placed in the
off position or a fuse is removed, it is said to be "open."
Operating storage tankStorage tank from which fuel may be issued directly to an aircraft or refueler.
Also referred to as a "ready-issue tank."
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