ufc_3-440-01
DESIGN: ACTIVE SOLAR PREHEAT SYSTEMS
DESIGN: ACTIVE SOLAR PREHEAT SYSTEMS - continued
FOREWORD - ufc_3-440-010003
CONTENTS - ufc_3-440-010004
CONTENTS - continued - ufc_3-440-010005
CONTENTS - continued - ufc_3-440-010006
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION - ufc_3-440-010007
Chapter 2. REQUIREMENTS - ufc_3-440-010008
FEASIBILITY DISCUSSION
Chapter 3. SYSTEM SELECTION, PLANNING, AND COORDINATION
Figure 3-1. Closed-Loop Antifreeze System
Direct Circulation System
SYSTEM SELECTION
Figure 3-3. System Selection Flowchart
Figure 3-4. Flat-Plate Collector
Array Azimuth Angle
Figure 3-5. Minimum Collector Row Spacing
Array Support Structure - ufc_3-440-010018
Figure 3-6. Possible Array Configurations and Area
Storage Tank Location
Freeze Protection - ufc_3-440-010021
Structural Engineer
Chpater 4. SYSTEM DESIGN
Figure 4-1. Collector Manifold Types
Insulation - ufc_3-440-010025
Figure 4-2. Collector Array Terminology
Flow Balancing
Stepped Collector Rows
Figure 4-4. Steps in Developing a Reverse Return Piping Layout
Figure 4-5. Examples of Reverse-Return Piping
Pressure Drop Across Banks and Rows
Table 4-1. Pressure Drop Corrections
Figure 4-6. Manifold Sizing Example
Figure 4-7. Manifold Sizing Example (Metric)
Collector Sub-System Plumbing Details
Figure 4-8. Thermal Expansion Versus Temperature Differential for Copper Pipe
TRANSPORT SUB-SYSTEM
Specification
Expansion Tank
Determination of Design Pressures
Figure 4-9. Calculation of Total Expansion Tank Volume
Pressure Relief Valves
Pump Sizing and Specification
Figure 4-10. Typical Pump and System Operation Curves
Temperature Sensors and Locations
Monitoring Equipment
SAFETY FEATURES
Appendix A. REFERENCES - ufc_3-440-010048
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc_3-440-010049
Appendix B. HOT WATER LOAD ESTIMATIONS
Appendix C. WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
Table C-1. Data for Calculating pH of Saturation (pHs) Calcium Carbonate
Appendix D. EXAMPLE DESIGN CHECKLIST
Coordination - ufc_3-440-010054
System Planning - Equipment Room Size
SYSTEM DESIGN
Storage Sub-System
Figure D-1. Manifold Sizing Worksheet
Transport Subsystem
Control Subsystem
Appendix E. EXAMPLE DRAWINGS CHECKLIST
SUGGESTED DRAWINGS
SUGGESTED DRAWINGS - continued
System Elevation
Details
Details - continued
Appendix F. SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS
SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS
COLLECTOR SUB-SYSTEM
Solar Collectors
Solar Collectors - continued
Figure F-2. Typical Collector Efficiency Curve
Figure F-3. Typical Solar Collector Efficiency Plots
Array Support Structure - ufc_3-440-010074
Collector Sub-Systems (Lessons Learned)
Freeze Protection - ufc_3-440-010076
Heat Exchangers
CONTROL SUB-SYSTEM
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Standard Solar Energy System
Appendix G. SOLAR ENERGY CASE STUDY AT FORT HUACHUCA, AZ (MARCH 1998)
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION - ufc_3-440-010082
Figure G-2. Solar Hot Water System Piping Diagram
Figure G-3. Typical Array Layout
Figure G-5. Connection to the Existing Domestic System
Figure G-7. Wiring Diagram
COSTS - ufc_3-440-010087
Temperature Differences Across the DHW Heat Exchanger
Monitoring Totals
Figure G-10. Solar Insolation Measured for June 1997
Figure G-12. Hot Water Demand for May 1997
Figure G-14. Hot Water Demand for July 1997
Figure G-16. Temperature Differences Across Heat Exchanger (June 1997)
Figure G-18. Temperature Responses (8 May 1997)
Figure G-20. Temperature Responses (15 July 1997)
Figure G-22. Supply and Return Temperature Differences (June 1997)
Figure G-24. Solar Array BTU's Delivered and Hot Water Demand
Figure G-26. Solar Array BTU's Delivered, Gas Usage and Hot Water Usage
DESIGN: ACTIVE SOLAR PREHEAT SYSTEMS
DESIGN: ACTIVE SOLAR PREHEAT SYSTEMS - continued
FOREWORD - ufc_3-440-010003
CONTENTS - ufc_3-440-010004
CONTENTS - continued - ufc_3-440-010005
CONTENTS - continued - ufc_3-440-010006
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION - ufc_3-440-010007
Chapter 2. REQUIREMENTS - ufc_3-440-010008
FEASIBILITY DISCUSSION
Chapter 3. SYSTEM SELECTION, PLANNING, AND COORDINATION
Figure 3-1. Closed-Loop Antifreeze System
Direct Circulation System
SYSTEM SELECTION
Figure 3-3. System Selection Flowchart
Figure 3-4. Flat-Plate Collector
Array Azimuth Angle
Figure 3-5. Minimum Collector Row Spacing
Array Support Structure - ufc_3-440-010018
Figure 3-6. Possible Array Configurations and Area
Storage Tank Location
Freeze Protection - ufc_3-440-010021
Structural Engineer
Chpater 4. SYSTEM DESIGN
Figure 4-1. Collector Manifold Types
Insulation - ufc_3-440-010025
Figure 4-2. Collector Array Terminology
Flow Balancing
Stepped Collector Rows
Figure 4-4. Steps in Developing a Reverse Return Piping Layout
Figure 4-5. Examples of Reverse-Return Piping
Pressure Drop Across Banks and Rows
Table 4-1. Pressure Drop Corrections
Figure 4-6. Manifold Sizing Example
Figure 4-7. Manifold Sizing Example (Metric)
Collector Sub-System Plumbing Details
Figure 4-8. Thermal Expansion Versus Temperature Differential for Copper Pipe
TRANSPORT SUB-SYSTEM
Specification
Expansion Tank
Determination of Design Pressures
Figure 4-9. Calculation of Total Expansion Tank Volume
Pressure Relief Valves
Pump Sizing and Specification
Figure 4-10. Typical Pump and System Operation Curves
Temperature Sensors and Locations
Monitoring Equipment
SAFETY FEATURES
Appendix A. REFERENCES - ufc_3-440-010048
Appendix A. REFERENCES - continued - ufc_3-440-010049
Appendix B. HOT WATER LOAD ESTIMATIONS
Appendix C. WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS
Table C-1. Data for Calculating pH of Saturation (pHs) Calcium Carbonate
Appendix D. EXAMPLE DESIGN CHECKLIST
Coordination - ufc_3-440-010054
System Planning - Equipment Room Size
SYSTEM DESIGN
Storage Sub-System
Figure D-1. Manifold Sizing Worksheet
Transport Subsystem
Control Subsystem
Appendix E. EXAMPLE DRAWINGS CHECKLIST
SUGGESTED DRAWINGS
SUGGESTED DRAWINGS - continued
System Elevation
Details
Details - continued
Appendix F. SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS
SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS
COLLECTOR SUB-SYSTEM
Solar Collectors
Solar Collectors - continued
Figure F-2. Typical Collector Efficiency Curve
Figure F-3. Typical Solar Collector Efficiency Plots
Array Support Structure - ufc_3-440-010074
Collector Sub-Systems (Lessons Learned)
Freeze Protection - ufc_3-440-010076
Heat Exchangers
CONTROL SUB-SYSTEM
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Standard Solar Energy System
Appendix G. SOLAR ENERGY CASE STUDY AT FORT HUACHUCA, AZ (MARCH 1998)
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION - ufc_3-440-010082
Figure G-2. Solar Hot Water System Piping Diagram
Figure G-3. Typical Array Layout
Figure G-5. Connection to the Existing Domestic System
Figure G-7. Wiring Diagram
COSTS - ufc_3-440-010087
Temperature Differences Across the DHW Heat Exchanger
Monitoring Totals
Figure G-10. Solar Insolation Measured for June 1997
Figure G-12. Hot Water Demand for May 1997
Figure G-14. Hot Water Demand for July 1997
Figure G-16. Temperature Differences Across Heat Exchanger (June 1997)
Figure G-18. Temperature Responses (8 May 1997)
Figure G-20. Temperature Responses (15 July 1997)
Figure G-22. Supply and Return Temperature Differences (June 1997)
Figure G-24. Solar Array BTU's Delivered and Hot Water Demand
Figure G-26. Solar Array BTU's Delivered, Gas Usage and Hot Water Usage
