DESIGN: CENTRAL HEATING PLANTS
Record of Changes - 3_430_080002
FOREWORD - 3_430_080003
CONTENTS - 3_430_080004
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_430_080005
ANTITERRORISM/FORCE PROTECTION - 3_430_080006
APPENDIX A. MIL-HDBK 1003/6 CENTRAL HEATING PLANTS
MILITARY HANDBOOK CENTRAL HEATING PLANTS
FOREWORD - 3_430_080010
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUALS - 3_430_080011
CONTENTS - 3_430_080012
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080013
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080014
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080015
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080016
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080017
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080018
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080019
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080020
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080021
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080022
FIGURES - 3_430_080023
TABLES - 3_430_080024
TABLES-continued - 3_430_080025
Section 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_430_080026
Section 2. POLICY
Figure 1. Format for Comparing Plant Costs
Standby Facilities
Fuel Selection - 3_430_080030
Safety Regulations and Requirements
Section 3. PLANT DESIGN
Table 1. Plant Design Considerations
Equipment Types and Classifications
Table 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of HTW Plants and Steam Plants
Table 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of HTW Plants and Steam Plants-continued
Table 3. Boiler Selection Criteria
Boiler Design
Heating Surface
Plant Layout
Feedwater Pumping System
Steam-driven Auxiliaries
Section 4. HTW HEATING PLANTS
Table 6. Equipment Selection for HTW Systems
Table 6. Equipment Selection for HTW Systems-continued - 3_430_080045
Table 6. Equipment Selection for HTW Systems-continued - 3_430_080046
Table 6. Equipment Selection for HTW Systems-continued - 3_430_080047
Definitions - 3_430_080048
Figure 2. High Temperature Water System with Steam Expansion Tank (One Pump)
Figure 3. High Temperature Water System with Steam Expansion Tank (Two Pumps)
Figure 4. High Temperature Water System with Inert Gas Expansion (One Pump)
Figure 5. High Temperature Water System with Inert Gas Expansion Tank (Two Pumps)
System Water Velocities
Hot Water Generators
Figure 6. Direct Supply Single Circuit
Figure 7. Direct Supply - Radial
Figure 8. Reverse Return
Figure 9. One-Pipe Loop-Main
Figure 10. Primary and Secondary Systems
Pressurization
Inert Gas
Unacceptable Pressurization Methods
Advantages and Disadvantages of Steam and Inert Gas Systems
Expansion Vessels
Figure 11. Pressurized Expansion Tank Relationships
Volume Required for Pressurization
Expansion Vessel Volume for Gas Pressurized Systems
Design Criteria for Steam Pressurized Systems
Pumps - 3_430_080069
Pump Acceptance Tests
Location - 3_430_080071
Controls - 3_430_080072
Makeup Water Flow Control
Piping - 3_430_080074
Space and Process Heating Equipment
Makeup Water and Water Treatment
Makeup Water and Water Treatment-continued
Section 5. FUELS AND COMBUSTION
Table 7. Analyses of Typical U.S. Coals, as Mined
Table 7. Analyses of Typical U.S. Coals, as Mined-continued - 3_430_080080
Table 7. Analyses of Typical U.S. Coals, as Mined-continued - 3_430_080081
Ash Content
Heating Value
Table 8. Typical Analyses and Properties of Fuel Oils
Natural Gas - 3_430_080085
Table 10. Typical Analyses of Natural Gas
Wood
Solid Waste
Fuel Applications and Equipment
Coal Firing
Figure 12. Single Retort Underfeed Stoker
Figure 13. Vibrating Grate Stoker
Traveling-Grate Stoker - Front Gravity Feed
Figure 14. Traveling Grate Stoker
Table 14. Stoker Selection Criteria
Spreader Stoker
Pulverized Coal (PC) Firing
Figure 15. Overfeed Spreader Stoker with Traveling Grate
Oil and Natural Gas Firing
Oil Burners
Oil Atomization
Wood Firing
Combustion Air - 3_430_080103
Combustion Calculations (Example Using Coal)
Oxygen Required per 100 Pounds of Coal
Fuel and Ash Handling
Coal Handling Equipment
Coal Crushing Equipment
Figure 18. Double Walkway Gallery Type Frame
Coal Storage
Outside Storage
Fuel Oil
Oil Handling in Plant
Natural Gas - 3_430_080114
Solid Waste Handling
Ash Silos
Section 6. POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
Accessories - 3_430_080118
Fabric Filter Dust Collectors
Reverse Air Collector
Additional allowances for excess air
Performance
Pulse Jet Collector
Fabric Filter Media Types
Fabric Filter (Baghouse) Bypass
Electrostatic Precipitators - 3_430_080126
Figure 19. Ash Resistivity as a Function of Temperature
Figure 20. Electrostatic Precipitator Performance
Rigid Frame Type
Scrubbers
Dry Scrubbers
Figure 21. Typical Spray Dryer/Particulate Collector
Figure 22. Process Diagram for Double Alkalai Systems
Plume from Stack
Figure 23. Process Diagram for Lime/Limestone System
Figure 24. Flue Gas Desulfurization System and Waste Disposal
Section 7. WATER TREATMENT
Table 16. Effects of Inadequate or Improper Water Conditioning
Table 17. Suggested Water Quality Limits for Boiler Water and Feedwater up to 300 PSIG
Boiler Water Makeup
Blowdown - 3_430_080141
Table 18. General Guide for Raw Water Treatment of Boiler Water Makeup
Table 19. Effectiveness of Water Treatment
Calculations - 3_430_080144
Internal Treatment
Figure 25. Continuous Blowoff Piping Diagram
Table 20. Chemicals for Internal Boiler Water Treatment
Table 20. Chemicals for Internal Boiler Water Treatment-continued
Feeding Schemes
Figure 26. Arrangements for Chemical Mixing
Figure 27. Chemical Feed Arrangements
Scheme 5
Figure 28. Chemical Feed Arrangements (Schemes 5-8)
Ion Exchange Softening
Figure 29. Pot Type Feeders
Figure 30. Sample Coolers
Table 21. Makeup Water Analysis
Figure 31. Sodium - Cation Exchanger
Control - 3_430_080159
Sodium Cation Chloride Anion Conditioning
Figure 32. Sodium - Hydrogen Ion Exchange Split Stream Softening
Figure 33. Sodium Cation - Chloride Anion Exchanger
Figure 34. Cation - Anion Exchanger Demineralizer
Other External Treatment
Figure 35. Typical Vertical Steel Shell Pressure Filter
Lime-Soda Softening
Figure 36. Hot Process Softener Conical Downtake Design
Section 8. AUXILIARY BOILER ROOM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
Table 22. Summary of Operating Performances of Pumps
Table 22. Summary of Operating Performances of Pumps-continued
Discharge Control
Boiler Water Feed Pumps-continued
Minimum Allowable Pump Suction Pressure
Fans - 3_430_080174
Induced Draft Fans
Induced Draft Fan
Motors
Economizers - 3_430_080178
Economizer Corrosion Controls
Figure 37. Minimum Metal Temperature for Economizers and Air Heaters
Air Heaters - 3_430_080181
Stacks
Emissions Dispersion
Stack Design
Example Stack Calculations
Figure 39. Stack Height
Compressed Air System
Applications and Requirement
Steam Traps - 3_430_080189
Applications
Variable Speed Drives - 3_430_080191
Variable Speed Drives - 3_430_080192
Application - 3_430_080193
Section 9. PERFORMANCE
Emissions Tests
Section 10. MISCELLANEOUS
Piping - 3_430_080197
Medium (Compressed Air or Steam)
Steam Soot Blowers
Operation - 3_430_080200
Fly Ash Reinjection on Coal-Fired Units (Cinder Return)
Corrosion Protection - 3_430_080202
Passive Metals
Water Supply
Table 23. Preferred Generic Protective Coatings for Corrosion Control
Table 23. Preferred Generic Protective Coatings for Corrosion Control-continued - 3_430_080206
Table 23. Preferred Generic Protective Coatings for Corrosion Control-continued - 3_430_080207
Table 24. Inorganic Inhibitors and Corrosion Systems
Heating and Ventilating
Drainage - 3_430_080210
Architectural Criteria
Structural Criteria - 3_430_080212
Platforms
Special Considerations - 3_430_080214
Safety Protection
Fire Protection-continued
Electrical Criteria
Power Factor
Table 25. Standard Motor Control Enclosures
Standby Power Generation System
Improvement and Modernization
Safety Controls
Seismic Design Criteria
REFERENCES - 3_430_080224
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080225
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080226
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080227
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080228
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080229
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080230
3_430_08
Record of Changes - 3_430_080002
FOREWORD - 3_430_080003
CONTENTS - 3_430_080004
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_430_080005
ANTITERRORISM/FORCE PROTECTION - 3_430_080006
APPENDIX A. MIL-HDBK 1003/6 CENTRAL HEATING PLANTS
MILITARY HANDBOOK CENTRAL HEATING PLANTS
FOREWORD - 3_430_080010
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUALS - 3_430_080011
CONTENTS - 3_430_080012
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080013
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080014
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080015
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080016
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080017
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080018
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080019
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080020
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080021
CONTENTS-continued - 3_430_080022
FIGURES - 3_430_080023
TABLES - 3_430_080024
TABLES-continued - 3_430_080025
Section 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_430_080026
Section 2. POLICY
Figure 1. Format for Comparing Plant Costs
Standby Facilities
Fuel Selection - 3_430_080030
Safety Regulations and Requirements
Section 3. PLANT DESIGN
Table 1. Plant Design Considerations
Equipment Types and Classifications
Table 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of HTW Plants and Steam Plants
Table 2. Advantages and Disadvantages of HTW Plants and Steam Plants-continued
Table 3. Boiler Selection Criteria
Boiler Design
Heating Surface
Plant Layout
Feedwater Pumping System
Steam-driven Auxiliaries
Section 4. HTW HEATING PLANTS
Table 6. Equipment Selection for HTW Systems
Table 6. Equipment Selection for HTW Systems-continued - 3_430_080045
Table 6. Equipment Selection for HTW Systems-continued - 3_430_080046
Table 6. Equipment Selection for HTW Systems-continued - 3_430_080047
Definitions - 3_430_080048
Figure 2. High Temperature Water System with Steam Expansion Tank (One Pump)
Figure 3. High Temperature Water System with Steam Expansion Tank (Two Pumps)
Figure 4. High Temperature Water System with Inert Gas Expansion (One Pump)
Figure 5. High Temperature Water System with Inert Gas Expansion Tank (Two Pumps)
System Water Velocities
Hot Water Generators
Figure 6. Direct Supply Single Circuit
Figure 7. Direct Supply - Radial
Figure 8. Reverse Return
Figure 9. One-Pipe Loop-Main
Figure 10. Primary and Secondary Systems
Pressurization
Inert Gas
Unacceptable Pressurization Methods
Advantages and Disadvantages of Steam and Inert Gas Systems
Expansion Vessels
Figure 11. Pressurized Expansion Tank Relationships
Volume Required for Pressurization
Expansion Vessel Volume for Gas Pressurized Systems
Design Criteria for Steam Pressurized Systems
Pumps - 3_430_080069
Pump Acceptance Tests
Location - 3_430_080071
Controls - 3_430_080072
Makeup Water Flow Control
Piping - 3_430_080074
Space and Process Heating Equipment
Makeup Water and Water Treatment
Makeup Water and Water Treatment-continued
Section 5. FUELS AND COMBUSTION
Table 7. Analyses of Typical U.S. Coals, as Mined
Table 7. Analyses of Typical U.S. Coals, as Mined-continued - 3_430_080080
Table 7. Analyses of Typical U.S. Coals, as Mined-continued - 3_430_080081
Ash Content
Heating Value
Table 8. Typical Analyses and Properties of Fuel Oils
Natural Gas - 3_430_080085
Table 10. Typical Analyses of Natural Gas
Wood
Solid Waste
Fuel Applications and Equipment
Coal Firing
Figure 12. Single Retort Underfeed Stoker
Figure 13. Vibrating Grate Stoker
Traveling-Grate Stoker - Front Gravity Feed
Figure 14. Traveling Grate Stoker
Table 14. Stoker Selection Criteria
Spreader Stoker
Pulverized Coal (PC) Firing
Figure 15. Overfeed Spreader Stoker with Traveling Grate
Oil and Natural Gas Firing
Oil Burners
Oil Atomization
Wood Firing
Combustion Air - 3_430_080103
Combustion Calculations (Example Using Coal)
Oxygen Required per 100 Pounds of Coal
Fuel and Ash Handling
Coal Handling Equipment
Coal Crushing Equipment
Figure 18. Double Walkway Gallery Type Frame
Coal Storage
Outside Storage
Fuel Oil
Oil Handling in Plant
Natural Gas - 3_430_080114
Solid Waste Handling
Ash Silos
Section 6. POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
Accessories - 3_430_080118
Fabric Filter Dust Collectors
Reverse Air Collector
Additional allowances for excess air
Performance
Pulse Jet Collector
Fabric Filter Media Types
Fabric Filter (Baghouse) Bypass
Electrostatic Precipitators - 3_430_080126
Figure 19. Ash Resistivity as a Function of Temperature
Figure 20. Electrostatic Precipitator Performance
Rigid Frame Type
Scrubbers
Dry Scrubbers
Figure 21. Typical Spray Dryer/Particulate Collector
Figure 22. Process Diagram for Double Alkalai Systems
Plume from Stack
Figure 23. Process Diagram for Lime/Limestone System
Figure 24. Flue Gas Desulfurization System and Waste Disposal
Section 7. WATER TREATMENT
Table 16. Effects of Inadequate or Improper Water Conditioning
Table 17. Suggested Water Quality Limits for Boiler Water and Feedwater up to 300 PSIG
Boiler Water Makeup
Blowdown - 3_430_080141
Table 18. General Guide for Raw Water Treatment of Boiler Water Makeup
Table 19. Effectiveness of Water Treatment
Calculations - 3_430_080144
Internal Treatment
Figure 25. Continuous Blowoff Piping Diagram
Table 20. Chemicals for Internal Boiler Water Treatment
Table 20. Chemicals for Internal Boiler Water Treatment-continued
Feeding Schemes
Figure 26. Arrangements for Chemical Mixing
Figure 27. Chemical Feed Arrangements
Scheme 5
Figure 28. Chemical Feed Arrangements (Schemes 5-8)
Ion Exchange Softening
Figure 29. Pot Type Feeders
Figure 30. Sample Coolers
Table 21. Makeup Water Analysis
Figure 31. Sodium - Cation Exchanger
Control - 3_430_080159
Sodium Cation Chloride Anion Conditioning
Figure 32. Sodium - Hydrogen Ion Exchange Split Stream Softening
Figure 33. Sodium Cation - Chloride Anion Exchanger
Figure 34. Cation - Anion Exchanger Demineralizer
Other External Treatment
Figure 35. Typical Vertical Steel Shell Pressure Filter
Lime-Soda Softening
Figure 36. Hot Process Softener Conical Downtake Design
Section 8. AUXILIARY BOILER ROOM EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
Table 22. Summary of Operating Performances of Pumps
Table 22. Summary of Operating Performances of Pumps-continued
Discharge Control
Boiler Water Feed Pumps-continued
Minimum Allowable Pump Suction Pressure
Fans - 3_430_080174
Induced Draft Fans
Induced Draft Fan
Motors
Economizers - 3_430_080178
Economizer Corrosion Controls
Figure 37. Minimum Metal Temperature for Economizers and Air Heaters
Air Heaters - 3_430_080181
Stacks
Emissions Dispersion
Stack Design
Example Stack Calculations
Figure 39. Stack Height
Compressed Air System
Applications and Requirement
Steam Traps - 3_430_080189
Applications
Variable Speed Drives - 3_430_080191
Variable Speed Drives - 3_430_080192
Application - 3_430_080193
Section 9. PERFORMANCE
Emissions Tests
Section 10. MISCELLANEOUS
Piping - 3_430_080197
Medium (Compressed Air or Steam)
Steam Soot Blowers
Operation - 3_430_080200
Fly Ash Reinjection on Coal-Fired Units (Cinder Return)
Corrosion Protection - 3_430_080202
Passive Metals
Water Supply
Table 23. Preferred Generic Protective Coatings for Corrosion Control
Table 23. Preferred Generic Protective Coatings for Corrosion Control-continued - 3_430_080206
Table 23. Preferred Generic Protective Coatings for Corrosion Control-continued - 3_430_080207
Table 24. Inorganic Inhibitors and Corrosion Systems
Heating and Ventilating
Drainage - 3_430_080210
Architectural Criteria
Structural Criteria - 3_430_080212
Platforms
Special Considerations - 3_430_080214
Safety Protection
Fire Protection-continued
Electrical Criteria
Power Factor
Table 25. Standard Motor Control Enclosures
Standby Power Generation System
Improvement and Modernization
Safety Controls
Seismic Design Criteria
REFERENCES - 3_430_080224
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080225
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080226
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080227
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080228
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080229
REFERENCES-continued - 3_430_080230
3_430_08
