MIL-HDBK-1165
Section 5:
WATER CONSERVATION OPTIONS: END USE
5.1
Introduction. This section includes a wide variety of
end use water conservation options. Each option is presented as
an operation and maintenance procedure, a retrofit, or a
replacement, as appropriate. Some of these options are simple
"low cost or no cost" methods such as fixing leaky faucets,
reducing excess water pressure, repairing toilet valves, or
educating building occupants about proper use of water-conserving
equipment. Other options require more extensive retrofitting or
replacement.
By no means does this listing include every available
water conservation option, and not all the options expressed in
this section will necessarily conserve water at your
installation. They are listed here for informational purposes on
some of the many methods currently in use to conserve water. It
is up to you to determine which options are right for your
facility, taking into account the information presented here, and
factors relevant to your facility. Furthermore, it is
recommended that you periodically review the conservation work
performed by the Department of Energy. The FEMP Newsletter is a
good source for the latest technological advances in energy and
water conservation.
5.2
Office Facilities and Residential. The Energy Policy
Act of 1992 contains strict water consumption limits for several
newly manufactured commercial plumbing products. As of January
1, 1994, all new toilets must use no more than 1.6 gallons per
flush (gpf) or 6.0 liters per flush (lpf), all new urinals no
more than 1.0 gpf (3.9 lpf), and new shower heads and faucets no
more than 2.5 gallons per minute (gpm) or 9.5 liters per minute
(lpm). Figure 9 shows a comparison of water usage rates of these
conserving devices and their traditional counterparts. Notice
the dramatic difference between plumbing devices manufactured
before and after 1994. Traditional and conserving toilets,
urinals, showerheads, and faucets, as well as other water
consuming products found inside office and residential facilities
are discussed below. See Figure 10 as you read and note the
potential water savings realized from implementing some of the
presented options.
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