MIL-HDBK-1011/2
APPENDIX C (continued)
CONTENTS
Section
1
AIR MOVEMENT BY NATURAL VENTILATION . . . . . . .
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105
1.1
Window Sizing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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105
1.1.1
Required Total Window Areas . . . . . . . . . . .
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105
1.1.2
Check for Required Airspeed . . . . . . . . . . .
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111
1.2
ASHRAE Wind and Thermal Buoyancy
(Stack Effect) Formulae . . . . . . . . . . . .
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113
1.2.1
Flow Due to Wind--Single Opening . . . . . . . .
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113
1.2.1.1 Estimating Quantity of Inlet Air . . . . . . . .
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114
1.2.2
Flow Due to Wind--Openings in Series . . . . . .
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115
1.2.2.1 Flow Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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115
1.2.2.2 Flow Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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115
1.2.2.3 Discharge Coefficient for Varying Wind Angles . .
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115
1.2.3
Flow Due to Thermal Forces . . . . . . . . . . .
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115
1.2.4
Combining Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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116
1.3
Wind Tunnel Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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116
1.3.1
Wind Tunnel Test Facilities . . . . . . . . . . .
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116
1.3.1.1 Variations from Theoretical Mean . . . . . . . .
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116
1.3.1.2 Profile Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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117
1.3.2
Wind Tunnel Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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117
1.3.2.1 Model Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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117
1.3.2.2 Immediate Surroundings . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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118
1.3.2.3 Model Size and Wind Tunnel Speed . . . . . . . .
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118
1.3.2.4 Reynolds Number for Flow Around Bluff Bodies . .
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118
1.3.2.5 Reynolds Number for Flow Through Window Openings
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118
1.3.2.6 Reynolds Number for Flow through Ductways . . . .
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119
1.3.2.7 Reynolds Number for Flow in a Room . . . . . . .
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119
1.3.2.8 Reynolds Number for Flow Through Screens
and Louvers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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119
1.3.2.9 Reynolds Numbers--Reducing Margin of Error . . .
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119
1.3.2.10 Model Size Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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119
1.3.3
Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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120
1.3.3.1 Velocity Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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120
1.3.3.2 Pressure Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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120
1.3.4
Wind Tunnel Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . .
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120
1.3.4.1 Procedure 1--Direct Velocity Measurement . . . .
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120
1.3.4.2 Procedure 2--Indirect Velocity Measurement . . .
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121
1.3.4.3 Procedure for High-Rise Buildings . . . . . . . .
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122
1.3.5
Use of Wind Tunnel Air Flow Rates . . . . . . . .
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122
1.4
Field Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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122
1.4.1
Model Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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123
1.4.2
Applicable Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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123
1.4.3
Types of Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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123
Section
2
INTERIOR TEMPERATURES . . . . . . . . . . .
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125
2.1
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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125
2.1.1
Internal Gain and Interior Temperature Rise
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125
2.2
Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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125
2.2.1
Temperature Rise . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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125
2.2.2
Ventilation Boundary Adjustment . . . . . .
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125
2.3
Computer Models of Interior Temperatures .
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126
2.3.1
Program Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . .
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126
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