UFC 4-010-01
8 October 2003
those support and emergency vehicles are included in the parking limitations in these
standards because it is assumed that when they are out of restricted access areas they
may be out of the immediate control of their operators, which could make them
susceptible to having explosives placed on or inside of them.
2-4.4
Levels of Protection. The potential levels of protection are described in
Tables 2-1 and 2-2. These standards provide a Low level of protection for billeting and
primary gathering buildings and a Very Low level of protection for other inhabited
buildings. Greater protection is provided for primary gathering buildings and billeting
because of the higher concentration of personnel and the more attractive nature of the
target. If the minimum standoff distances are provided, or if mitigating measures are
provided to achieve an equivalent level of protection, and if the threats are no greater
than those indicated in Tables B-1 and D-1, the risk of injuries and fatalities will be
reduced. Threats higher than those envisioned in Tables B-1 and D-1 will increase the
likelihood of injuries and fatalities regardless of the level of protection. Refer to the DoD
Security Engineering Design Manual for detailed guidance on levels of protection and
how to achieve them for a wide range of threats.
2-4.5
Minimum Standoff Distances. The minimum standoff distances
identified in Tables B-1 and D-1 were developed to provide survivable structures for a
wide range of conventionally constructed buildings and expeditionary/temporary
structures. These buildings range from tents and wood framed buildings to reinforced
concrete buildings. For a more detailed discussion of this issue, refer to the DoD
Security Engineering Design Manual.
2-4.5.1
Conventional Construction Standoff Distance. The standoff distances
in the "Conventional Construction Standoff Distance" column in Table B-1 are based on
explosive safety considerations that have been developed based on years of
experience and observation. Those standoff distances may be conservative for heavy
construction such as reinforced concrete or reinforced masonry; however, they may be
just adequate for lighter-weight construction.
2-4.5.2
Effective Standoff Distance. Because standoff distances from the
"Conventional Construction Standoff Distance" column of Table B-1 may be overly
conservative for some construction types, these standards allow for the adjustment of
standoff distances based on the results of a structural analysis considering the
applicable explosive weights in Table B-1. For new buildings, even if such an analysis
suggests a standoff distance of less than those shown in the "Effective Standoff
Distance" column of Table B-1, standoff distances of less than those in that column are
not allowed to ensure there is a minimal standoff distance "reserved" to accommodate
future upgrades that could be necessitated by emerging threats. In addition, the 10
meter (33 feet) minimum is established to ensure there is no encroachment on the
unobstructed space. For existing buildings, the standoff distances in the "Effective
Standoff Distance" column of Table B-1 will be provided except where doing so is not
possible. In those cases, lesser standoff distances may be allowed where the required
level of protection can be shown to be achieved through analysis or can be achieved
through building hardening or other mitigating construction or retrofit.
2-5
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