MIL-HDBK-1164
Section 8: VALVES AND HYDRANTS
8.
8.1
Section Overview. This section covers the operation and maintenance of
various types of valves. It also addresses hydrant O&M, safety, and testing.
8.2
References. Pertinent information about valves and hydrants can be
found in the published sources listed below. Subsequent references to these sources
within Section 8 use only the number shown in parentheses after the title. This number
corresponds to the paragraph number of the document in Section 2, Applicable
Documents.
a)
Distribution System Maintenance Techniques (par 2.2.41)
b)
International Fire Service Training Association Manual 205 (par.
2.2.47)
c)
Manual of Water Supply Practices: Installation, Field Testing, and
Maintenance of Fire Hydrants (par. 2.2.11)
d)
Manual of Water Supply Practices: Safety Practices for Water
Utilities (par. 2.2.2)
e)
Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations Series:
Water Transmission and Distribution (par. 2.1.4)
f)
Recommended Practice for Fire Flow Testing and Marking of
Hydrants (par. 2.2.60)
8.3
Valves and Valve Operation. Valves are used in water supply systems to
start and stop flow, to throttle or control the quantity of water, to regulate pressures
within the system, and to prevent backflow. Valves are typically operated using
manual, electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic operators. Most valves used in water
systems fall into one of the following general valve classifications: gate, globe, needle,
pressure relief, air/vacuum relief, diaphragm, punch, and rotary. The type of valve and
the method used to operate it depends on the use of the valve, its function in the water
system, and the source of energy available.
8.3.1
Valve Operation
8.3.1.1
Manual Operation. Small valves or valves that are used infrequently are
generally operated manually. Valves operated manually should be opened all the way,
then closed one-quarter turn of the handwheel. This prevents the valve from sticking in
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