UFC 3-240-13FN
25 May 2005
1-2.2.7
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act..........................................................................
8
1-2.2.8
The Code of Federal Regulations Act........................................
8
1-2.3
Container Management Policy...................................................
8
1-3
REFERENCES.............................................................................
8
CHAPTER 2 MAKEUP WATER
Paragraph
2-1
MAKEUP WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL WATER SYSTEMS .................
9
2-1.1
Sources of Makeup Water .........................................................
9
2-1.1.1
Groundwater ..............................................................................
9
2-1.1.2
Surface Water............................................................................
9
2-1.1.3
Reuse Water..............................................................................
9
2-1.1.4
Source Selection Factors to Consider .......................................
9
2-1.2
Reasons and Criteria for Treating Makeup Water .....................
10
2-1.2.1
Reasons for Treating Makeup Water.........................................
10
2-1.2.2
Criteria for Treating Makeup Water ...........................................
10
2-1.2.2.1
Makeup Water for Cooling Tower Systems ...............................
10
2-1.2.2.2
Makeup Water for Steam Boilers ...............................................
10
2-1.2.2.3
Makeup Water for High-Temperature Hot Water Systems ........
10
2-1.2.2.4
Other Systems ...........................................................................
10
2-1.2.3
Measurement of Makeup Water Rates ......................................
10
2-2
MAKEUP WATER TREATMENT METHODS....................................
10
2-2.1
External Treatment ....................................................................
11
2-2.2
Aeration .....................................................................................
15
2-2.3
Filters and Filtration ...................................................................
15
2-2.3.1
Sand Filters................................................................................
16
2-2.3.1.1
Sand Filter Description ..............................................................
16
2-2.3.1.2
Method of Action........................................................................
16
2-2.3.1.3
Filter Cycle.................................................................................
16
2-2.3.1.4
Sand Filtration Rates .................................................................
16
2-2.3.2
Cartridge and Bag Filters...........................................................
16
2-2.3.3
Centrifuge Separators................................................................
16
2-2.4
Lime-Soda Softening .................................................................
16
2-2.4.1
Method of Action........................................................................
16
2-2.4.2
Cold and Hot Processes ............................................................
17
2-2.5
Ion Exchange Process...............................................................
17
2-2.5.1
Sodium Ion Exchange................................................................
18
2-2.5.1.1
Service Cycle.............................................................................
18
2-2.5.1.2
Regeneration Cycle ...................................................................
19
2-2.5.1.3
Testing and Record Keeping .....................................................
21
2-2.5.1.4
Operating Problems...................................................................
21
2-2.5.2
Hydrogen Ion Exchange ............................................................
22
2-2.5.2.1
Exchange Process.....................................................................
22
2-2.5.2.2
Regeneration Method ................................................................
22
2-2.5.2.3
Equipment Requirements ..........................................................
23
2-2.5.2.4
Regeneration Cycle ...................................................................
23
2-2.5.2.5
Troubleshooting .........................................................................
23
2-2.5.2.6
Effluent Water Properties...........................................................
23
2-2.5.2.7
Carbon Dioxide Production........................................................
23
2-2.5.3
Demineralization ........................................................................
23
2-2.5.3.1
Anion Exchange Process...........................................................
24
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