UFC 3-240-13FN
25 May 2005
Polymers....................................................................................
110
4-3.5.3
Calcium Carbonate Scale Control Using Sludge-Forming
Polymers....................................................................................
110
4-3.5.4
Calcium Phosphate Scale Control Using Solubilizing
Inhibitors ....................................................................................
110
4-3.5.5
Calcium Sulfate Scale Control Using Solubilizing Polymers......
111
4-3.5.6
Magnesium Silicate Scale Control .............................................
111
4-3.5.7
Silica Scale Control....................................................................
111
4-3.6
Cooling Water Fouling ...............................................................
111
4-3.7
Fouling Control ..........................................................................
111
4-4
MICROBIOLOGICAL DEPOSITS AND CONTROL............................
112
4-4.1
Algae..........................................................................................
113
4-4.2
Bacteria......................................................................................
113
4-4.2.1
Planktonic Bacteria ....................................................................
113
4-4.2.2
Sessile Bacteria .........................................................................
113
4-4.3
Fungi..........................................................................................
115
4-4.4
Microbiological Control ..............................................................
115
4-4.4.1
Oxidizing Biocides .....................................................................
115
4-4.4.1.1
Chlorine and Chlorine Release Agents......................................
115
4-4.4.1.2
Bromine Release Agents ...........................................................
116
4-4.4.1.3
Ozone ........................................................................................
117
4-4.4.1.4
Chlorine Dioxide ........................................................................
117
4-4.4.1.5
Hydrogen Peroxide ....................................................................
117
4-4.4.2
Non-Oxidizing Biocides..............................................................
119
4-4.5
Algae Control .............................................................................
121
4-4.6
Bacterial Control ........................................................................
121
4-4.6.1
Bacterial Control with Oxidizing Biocides ..................................
121
4-4.6.2
Bacterial Control with Non-Oxidizing Biocides...........................
121
4-4.7
Legionnaires' Disease ...............................................................
122
4-4.8
Macrobiological Control .............................................................
122
4-5
CORROSION IN COOLING SYSTEMS............................................
122
4-5.1
Galvanic Corrosion ....................................................................
123
4-5.2
General Corrosion .....................................................................
124
4-5.3
Concentration Cell Corrosion.....................................................
125
4-5.3.1
Crevice Corrosion ......................................................................
125
4-5.3.2
Under-Deposit Corrosion ...........................................................
125
4-5.3.2.1
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) ............................
125
4-5.4
Corrosion Rate...........................................................................
125
4-5.5
Corrosion Control Methods........................................................
126
4-5.5.1
Effective Corrosion Control........................................................
128
4-5.5.1.1
Anodic Inhibitors ........................................................................
128
4-5.5.1.2
Cathodic Inhibitors .....................................................................
128
4-5.5.1.3
General Inhibitors ......................................................................
129
4-5.5.1.4
Corrosion Inhibitors for Specific Metals .....................................
129
4-5.5.1.5
Galvanic or Crevice Corrosion...................................................
129
4-5.5.1.6
Deposit Corrosion ......................................................................
129
4-5.5.1.7
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) ............................
129
4-6
DEVELOPING AN EFFECTIVE COOLING WATER
TREATMENT PROGRAM..............................................................
130
4-6.1
Equipment..................................................................................
130
4-6.2
Operational Features and Parameters ......................................
130
4-6.3
Water Quality .............................................................................
131
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