DESIGN: HEATING, VENTILATING, AIR CONDITIONING, AND DEHUMIDIFYING SYSTEMS
Record of Changes - 3_410_020002
FOREWORD - 3_410_020003
CONTENTS - 3_410_020004
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_410_020005
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020006
APPENDIX A. MIL-HDBK 1003/3 HEATING, VENTILATING, AIR CONDITIONING AND DEHUMIDIFYING SYSTEMS
FOREWORD - 3_410_020010
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUALS - 3_410_020011
CONTENTS - 3_410_020012
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020013
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020014
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020015
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020016
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020017
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020018
FIGURES-continued - 3_410_020019
TABLES - 3_410_020020
TABLES-continued - 3_410_020021
Section 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_410_020022
Referenced Criteria
Table 1. Recommended Air Conditioning Systems for Various Buildings
Section 2. GENERAL
Mechanical System Selection
Equipment Selection - 3_410_020027
Auxiliary Equipment
Central Chilled Water Equipment
Evaporative Condenser
Humidification Equipment
Energy Monitoring and Control System (EMCS)
Table 2. Typical Instrument Applications
Multi-Point Remote Indicators
Piping Systems - 3_410_020035
Industrial Ventilation and Exhaust Systems
System and Equipment Performance
Heating Systems
All-Air Systems
Duct, Pipe, and Equipment Insulation
Mechanical Room Ventilation
Radon Mitigation Systems
Figure 1. Floor Penetration for Sub-Slab Depressurization System
Section 3. APPLICATIONS
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type-continued - 3_410_020046
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type-continued - 3_410_020047
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type-continued - 3_410_020048
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type-continued - 3_410_020049
Aircraft Line Operations Building
Naval Air Station Control Tower
Family Housing - 3_410_020052
Kitchen Ventilation
Fire Protection - 3_410_020054
Table 4. Thermal Currents Charts
Exhaust Hood Heat Recovery
Laundries
Laundries-continued
Section 4. INFORMATION REQUIRED ON DRAWINGS
Maintainability
Symbols and Abbreviations
Section 5. LOAD CALCULATIONS
Cooling Load
Infiltration and Ventilation
Internal Loads
Equipment - 3_410_020066
Section 6. AIR DISTRIBUTION
Figure
Flexible Ducts
Figure 3. Damper Installation
Fire Dampers and Smoke Dampers
Fans for HVAC Systems
Sound Rating
Corrections for Inlet Spin
Figure 5. Duct Branches
Figure 6. Duct Branches
Figure 7. Duct Elbows
Figure 8. Duct Offsets and Transitions
Table 7. Major Types of HVAC Fans
Terminal Equipment
Louvers
Access for Inspection and Maintenance
Figure 9. Hooked Louver Blade
STATIC PRESSURE
Figure 10. Duct Pressure Class Designation
Section 7. PIPING SYSTEMS
Supports and Anchors
Table 8. Piping Materials
Table 8. Piping Materials-continued
Water Systems
Hot Water Heating Systems
Figure 11. Friction Loss for Water in Commercial Steel Pipe
Figure 13. Friction loss for Water in Plastic Pipe
Expansion Tanks and Air Separator
Domestic Hot Water Generator
Figure 14. Closed Expansion Tank
Figure 15. Diaphragm Expansion Tank
Figure 16. Connections to Converter for Hot Water Heating System
Figure 17. Domestic Hot Water Generator and Heating Hot Water Boiler Piping Connection
Pumps - 3_410_020100
Chilled Water
Steam - 3_410_020102
Table 10. Flow Rate in lb/h of Steam Schedule 40 pipe at Initial Saturation Pressure of 305 and 12 psig
Table 11. Return Main Riser Capacities for Low-Pressure System, lb/h
Table 13. Steam Pipe Capacities for Low-Pressure Systems
Figure 18. Chart for FLow Rate and Velocity of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe Based on Saturation Pressure of 30 psig
Figure 19. Chart for Flow Rate and Velocity of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe Based on Saturation Pressure of 50 psig
Figure 20. Chart Flow Rate and Velocity of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe Based on Saturation Pressure of 100 psig
Figure 21. Chart for Flow Rate and Velocity of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe Based on Saturation Pressure of 150 psig
Steam Pressure Regulating Valves
Figure 22. PRV--Low Pressure
Figure 23. Two Stage PRV
Condensate Pumps and Flash Tank
Figure 24. Detail - Flash Tank and Duplex Condensate Pump Unit
Figure 25. Steam Coils
Figure 26. Steam Tempering Coils
Figure 27. Low Pressure Drip
Freezing of Steam Coils - General
Freezing Due to Buildup of Condensate in the Coil
Figure 29. Air Stratification to Coil During Freeze-Up Conditions
Figure 30. Non-Freeze Coil Piping
Refrigerant Piping
Figure 31. Refrigerant Coil
Figure 32. Compressor Piping
Section 8. CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTATION
Designing DDC Systems
Designing DDC Systems-continued
Standard Sequences of Operations
Operation of Chilled Water Coil Discharge Control
Single Zone Unit Sequence of Operations (Sample)
Multizone Unit Sequence of Operation (Sample)
Figure 33. Control System Schematic for Single Zone HVAC System XX
Figure 33. Control System Schematic for Single Zone HVAC System XX-continued
Table 15. Equipment for Single Zone HVAC Control System XX
Table 15. Equipment for Single Zone HVAC Control System XX-continued
Figure 34. Control System Schematic for Multizone Hvac System XX
Table 16. Equipment for Multizone HVAC Control System XX
Table 16. Equipment for Multizone HVAC Control System XX-continued
Optimized Start Mode
Variable Air Volume (VAV) Unit Sequence of Operation (Sample)
Supply Fan Discharge Air Mode
Figure 35. Control System Schematic for VAV HVAC System XX
Figure 35. Control System Schematic for VAV HVAC System XX-continued
Table 17. Equipment for VAV HVAC Control System XX
Commissioning Procedures
System Static Checkout
Operation - 3_410_020147
Controller Manual-Tuning Procedure-continued
Procedures for Single Zone Control System (Sample)
Control System Startup-continued - 3_410_020150
Procedures for Multizone Control System (Sample)
Control System Startup-continued - 3_410_020152
Variable Air Volume Control System (Sample)
Control System Startup-continued - 3_410_020154
Control System Startup-continued - 3_410_020155
Section 9. EQUIPMENT LOCATION
Emission of Odors
Section 10. FUNDAMENTAL DRAWING DETAILS
Figure 36. Schematic Hot Water and Chilled Water Balancing Diagram
Figure 37. Schematic Airflow Balancing Diagram
Table 18. Typical Utility Fan Schedule
Figure 38. Hot Water Riser Diagram
Figure 39. Notes on Drawing Riser Diagram
Figure 40. Designating Duct Pressure Classes
Section 11. RULES OF THUMB GUIDANCE
Table 21. Airconditioning Load Estimating Factors
Section 12. FIRE PROTECTION AND SMOKE CONTROL
Engineered Smoke Control System
APPENDIX A. ENERGY CONSERVATION METHODS
Figure A-1. Occupied/Unoccupied Hot Water Reset Schedule
Thermostat Setpoints - 3_410_020171
Thermostat Setpoints - 3_410_020172
Energy Efficient Systems
Exhaust Air Heat Recovery
Rotary Air Wheel
Figure A-3. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery With Rotary Air Wheel
Figure A-4. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery With Counterflow Pattern Static Heat Exchanger
Figure A-5. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery With Crossflow Pattern Static Heat Exchanger
Figure A-6. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Method With Heat Pipe
Figure A-7. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Method With Runaround (Closed Loop) System
Ancillary Components
Figure A-8. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Method With Runaround (Open Loop) System
Heat-of-Light Heat Recovery Method
Figure A-9. Heat-of-Light Recovery Method With Light Troffer
Figure A-10. Heat-of-Light Recovery Method With Induced Air
Conventional Refrigeration Machine Method
Figure A-11. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Conventional Refrigeration Machine Using Hot Water Coil
Figure A-12. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Conventional Refrigeration Machine Using Refrigerant Coil
Figure A-13. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Internal Source Heat Pump
Figure A-14. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Single Bundle Condenser Water Circuit Method
Figure A-15. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Double Bundle Condenser Water Circuit Method
HVAC System Management
APPENDIX B. ENGINEERED SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS
APPENDIX C. DESIGN DO's AND DON'Ts FOR VAV SYSTEMS
Early Coordination
Selection of Type of Control System
Do's and Don'ts
esign and specify for both peak and part load conditions
Design supply ductwork using the static regain method
Maintaining Ventilation Air
Pressure Dependent (PD) Boxes
Carefully consider the throttling characteristics
Give special attention to linkages
Locate the static pressure sensor
For zones that need heating
In perimeter zones with a VAV cooling system
Sequence of Operation - 3_410_020207
APPENDIX D. VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES (VFD)
Types of VFD's
PWM Design
CSI Design
Flux Vector PWM Drives
Application of VFD's to Specific Loads
Special Applications of VFD's
Special Applications of VFD's-continued
Sizing VFD's for the Load
Key VFD Specification Parameters
Additional considerations - 3_410_020218
VFD Installation and Start-Up
Start-Up Procedures
Start-Up Procedures-continued
VFD Generated EMI and Harmonic Distortion Concerns
Troubleshooting VFD Problems
REFERENCES - 3_410_020224
VFD Start-Up Report
Electrical Inspection
REFERENCES - 3_410_020227
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020228
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020229
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020230
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020231
GLOSSARY - 3_410_020232
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_020233
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_020234
3_410_02
Record of Changes - 3_410_020002
FOREWORD - 3_410_020003
CONTENTS - 3_410_020004
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_410_020005
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020006
APPENDIX A. MIL-HDBK 1003/3 HEATING, VENTILATING, AIR CONDITIONING AND DEHUMIDIFYING SYSTEMS
FOREWORD - 3_410_020010
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUALS - 3_410_020011
CONTENTS - 3_410_020012
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020013
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020014
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020015
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020016
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020017
CONTENTS-continued - 3_410_020018
FIGURES-continued - 3_410_020019
TABLES - 3_410_020020
TABLES-continued - 3_410_020021
Section 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_410_020022
Referenced Criteria
Table 1. Recommended Air Conditioning Systems for Various Buildings
Section 2. GENERAL
Mechanical System Selection
Equipment Selection - 3_410_020027
Auxiliary Equipment
Central Chilled Water Equipment
Evaporative Condenser
Humidification Equipment
Energy Monitoring and Control System (EMCS)
Table 2. Typical Instrument Applications
Multi-Point Remote Indicators
Piping Systems - 3_410_020035
Industrial Ventilation and Exhaust Systems
System and Equipment Performance
Heating Systems
All-Air Systems
Duct, Pipe, and Equipment Insulation
Mechanical Room Ventilation
Radon Mitigation Systems
Figure 1. Floor Penetration for Sub-Slab Depressurization System
Section 3. APPLICATIONS
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type-continued - 3_410_020046
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type-continued - 3_410_020047
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type-continued - 3_410_020048
Table 3. Applicable Criteria by Building Type-continued - 3_410_020049
Aircraft Line Operations Building
Naval Air Station Control Tower
Family Housing - 3_410_020052
Kitchen Ventilation
Fire Protection - 3_410_020054
Table 4. Thermal Currents Charts
Exhaust Hood Heat Recovery
Laundries
Laundries-continued
Section 4. INFORMATION REQUIRED ON DRAWINGS
Maintainability
Symbols and Abbreviations
Section 5. LOAD CALCULATIONS
Cooling Load
Infiltration and Ventilation
Internal Loads
Equipment - 3_410_020066
Section 6. AIR DISTRIBUTION
Figure
Flexible Ducts
Figure 3. Damper Installation
Fire Dampers and Smoke Dampers
Fans for HVAC Systems
Sound Rating
Corrections for Inlet Spin
Figure 5. Duct Branches
Figure 6. Duct Branches
Figure 7. Duct Elbows
Figure 8. Duct Offsets and Transitions
Table 7. Major Types of HVAC Fans
Terminal Equipment
Louvers
Access for Inspection and Maintenance
Figure 9. Hooked Louver Blade
STATIC PRESSURE
Figure 10. Duct Pressure Class Designation
Section 7. PIPING SYSTEMS
Supports and Anchors
Table 8. Piping Materials
Table 8. Piping Materials-continued
Water Systems
Hot Water Heating Systems
Figure 11. Friction Loss for Water in Commercial Steel Pipe
Figure 13. Friction loss for Water in Plastic Pipe
Expansion Tanks and Air Separator
Domestic Hot Water Generator
Figure 14. Closed Expansion Tank
Figure 15. Diaphragm Expansion Tank
Figure 16. Connections to Converter for Hot Water Heating System
Figure 17. Domestic Hot Water Generator and Heating Hot Water Boiler Piping Connection
Pumps - 3_410_020100
Chilled Water
Steam - 3_410_020102
Table 10. Flow Rate in lb/h of Steam Schedule 40 pipe at Initial Saturation Pressure of 305 and 12 psig
Table 11. Return Main Riser Capacities for Low-Pressure System, lb/h
Table 13. Steam Pipe Capacities for Low-Pressure Systems
Figure 18. Chart for FLow Rate and Velocity of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe Based on Saturation Pressure of 30 psig
Figure 19. Chart for Flow Rate and Velocity of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe Based on Saturation Pressure of 50 psig
Figure 20. Chart Flow Rate and Velocity of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe Based on Saturation Pressure of 100 psig
Figure 21. Chart for Flow Rate and Velocity of Steam in Schedule 40 Pipe Based on Saturation Pressure of 150 psig
Steam Pressure Regulating Valves
Figure 22. PRV--Low Pressure
Figure 23. Two Stage PRV
Condensate Pumps and Flash Tank
Figure 24. Detail - Flash Tank and Duplex Condensate Pump Unit
Figure 25. Steam Coils
Figure 26. Steam Tempering Coils
Figure 27. Low Pressure Drip
Freezing of Steam Coils - General
Freezing Due to Buildup of Condensate in the Coil
Figure 29. Air Stratification to Coil During Freeze-Up Conditions
Figure 30. Non-Freeze Coil Piping
Refrigerant Piping
Figure 31. Refrigerant Coil
Figure 32. Compressor Piping
Section 8. CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTATION
Designing DDC Systems
Designing DDC Systems-continued
Standard Sequences of Operations
Operation of Chilled Water Coil Discharge Control
Single Zone Unit Sequence of Operations (Sample)
Multizone Unit Sequence of Operation (Sample)
Figure 33. Control System Schematic for Single Zone HVAC System XX
Figure 33. Control System Schematic for Single Zone HVAC System XX-continued
Table 15. Equipment for Single Zone HVAC Control System XX
Table 15. Equipment for Single Zone HVAC Control System XX-continued
Figure 34. Control System Schematic for Multizone Hvac System XX
Table 16. Equipment for Multizone HVAC Control System XX
Table 16. Equipment for Multizone HVAC Control System XX-continued
Optimized Start Mode
Variable Air Volume (VAV) Unit Sequence of Operation (Sample)
Supply Fan Discharge Air Mode
Figure 35. Control System Schematic for VAV HVAC System XX
Figure 35. Control System Schematic for VAV HVAC System XX-continued
Table 17. Equipment for VAV HVAC Control System XX
Commissioning Procedures
System Static Checkout
Operation - 3_410_020147
Controller Manual-Tuning Procedure-continued
Procedures for Single Zone Control System (Sample)
Control System Startup-continued - 3_410_020150
Procedures for Multizone Control System (Sample)
Control System Startup-continued - 3_410_020152
Variable Air Volume Control System (Sample)
Control System Startup-continued - 3_410_020154
Control System Startup-continued - 3_410_020155
Section 9. EQUIPMENT LOCATION
Emission of Odors
Section 10. FUNDAMENTAL DRAWING DETAILS
Figure 36. Schematic Hot Water and Chilled Water Balancing Diagram
Figure 37. Schematic Airflow Balancing Diagram
Table 18. Typical Utility Fan Schedule
Figure 38. Hot Water Riser Diagram
Figure 39. Notes on Drawing Riser Diagram
Figure 40. Designating Duct Pressure Classes
Section 11. RULES OF THUMB GUIDANCE
Table 21. Airconditioning Load Estimating Factors
Section 12. FIRE PROTECTION AND SMOKE CONTROL
Engineered Smoke Control System
APPENDIX A. ENERGY CONSERVATION METHODS
Figure A-1. Occupied/Unoccupied Hot Water Reset Schedule
Thermostat Setpoints - 3_410_020171
Thermostat Setpoints - 3_410_020172
Energy Efficient Systems
Exhaust Air Heat Recovery
Rotary Air Wheel
Figure A-3. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery With Rotary Air Wheel
Figure A-4. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery With Counterflow Pattern Static Heat Exchanger
Figure A-5. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery With Crossflow Pattern Static Heat Exchanger
Figure A-6. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Method With Heat Pipe
Figure A-7. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Method With Runaround (Closed Loop) System
Ancillary Components
Figure A-8. Exhaust Air Heat Recovery Method With Runaround (Open Loop) System
Heat-of-Light Heat Recovery Method
Figure A-9. Heat-of-Light Recovery Method With Light Troffer
Figure A-10. Heat-of-Light Recovery Method With Induced Air
Conventional Refrigeration Machine Method
Figure A-11. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Conventional Refrigeration Machine Using Hot Water Coil
Figure A-12. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Conventional Refrigeration Machine Using Refrigerant Coil
Figure A-13. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Internal Source Heat Pump
Figure A-14. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Single Bundle Condenser Water Circuit Method
Figure A-15. Refrigeration Method Heat Recovery With Double Bundle Condenser Water Circuit Method
HVAC System Management
APPENDIX B. ENGINEERED SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS
APPENDIX C. DESIGN DO's AND DON'Ts FOR VAV SYSTEMS
Early Coordination
Selection of Type of Control System
Do's and Don'ts
esign and specify for both peak and part load conditions
Design supply ductwork using the static regain method
Maintaining Ventilation Air
Pressure Dependent (PD) Boxes
Carefully consider the throttling characteristics
Give special attention to linkages
Locate the static pressure sensor
For zones that need heating
In perimeter zones with a VAV cooling system
Sequence of Operation - 3_410_020207
APPENDIX D. VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES (VFD)
Types of VFD's
PWM Design
CSI Design
Flux Vector PWM Drives
Application of VFD's to Specific Loads
Special Applications of VFD's
Special Applications of VFD's-continued
Sizing VFD's for the Load
Key VFD Specification Parameters
Additional considerations - 3_410_020218
VFD Installation and Start-Up
Start-Up Procedures
Start-Up Procedures-continued
VFD Generated EMI and Harmonic Distortion Concerns
Troubleshooting VFD Problems
REFERENCES - 3_410_020224
VFD Start-Up Report
Electrical Inspection
REFERENCES - 3_410_020227
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020228
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020229
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020230
REFERENCES-continued - 3_410_020231
GLOSSARY - 3_410_020232
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_020233
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_410_020234
3_410_02
