PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND PAINTS
FOREWORD - 3_190_060003
CONTENTS - 3_190_060004
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_190_060005
REFERENCES - 3_190_060006
APPENDIX A. MIL-HDBK 1110 PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND PAINTS
HANDBOOK FOR PAINTS AND PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR FACILITIES
FOREWORD - 3_190_060010
CONTENTS - 3_190_060012
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060013
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060014
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060015
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060016
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060017
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060018
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060019
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060020
FIGURES - 3_190_060021
FIGURES-continued - 3_190_060022
TABLES - 3_190_060023
Section 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_190_060024
Design Factors Affecting Deterioration
Rough and Sharp Surfaces
Corrosion Control by Coatings
Painting for Purposes Other Than Protection
Antifouling Coatings
Section 2. COATING COMPOSITIONS AND CURING MECHANISMS
Pigment
Common Inhibitive Pigments
Other Components
Air Oxidation of Drying Oils
Solvent of Water Evaporation
Chemical Reaction
Properties of Different Generic Types of Coatings
Water Emulsion (Latex) Coatings
Lacquers
Epoxy Coatings
Coal-Tar Epoxy Coatings
Inorganic Zinc Coatings
Coating Compatibility
Bleeding
Table 1. Compatibility of Commonly Used Paints
Section 3. ENVIRONMENTAL, OCCUPATIONAL, AND SAFETY ISSUES
Effect on Coatings
Application Issues
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Table 3. TLV and Other Safety Data on Paint and Cleaning Solvents
Issues Affecting Surface Preparation
Surfaces Coated With Leaded Paint
Environmental Issues
DOD Policy/Instruction
Non-Residential
General Description of Lead-Based Paint Procedures
Removal
Demolition of Buildings Containing Lead-Based Paint
Section 4. SELECTION OF COATINGS
Safety and Environmental Restrictions
Table 5. Lead- and Chromate-Free Coating Specifications With VOC Limits
Recommendations for Different Substrates
Recommendations for Wood
Recommendations for Concrete and Masonry Surfaces
Elastomeric Coatings
Recommendations for Steel
Epoxy Coating Systems
Recommendations for Galvanized Steel
Recommendations for Aluminum
Coating System for Aluminum
Section 5. COATING SYSTEMS FOR SPECIFIC USES
Interiors of Steel Fuel Tanks
Steel Water Tanks
Other Steel Tanks
Coal Tar Enamels
Communication Towers and Other Tall Structures
New Towers
New Steel Towers
Towers With Only Cosmetic Coating Defects
Zinc-Coated Steel Tower Components With Deteriorated Organic Coatings
Waterfront Structures
Factory Finished Metal Siding
Concrete Swimming Pools
Concrete Catchment Basins
Mildew-Resistant Coatings
Pavement Markings
Painted Markings
Specification for Reflective Glass Beads
Inspection of Marking Operation
Inspection of Marking Operation-continued - 3_190_060090
Inspection of Marking Operation-continued - 3_190_060091
Inspection of Marking Operation-continued - 3_190_060092
Inspection of Marking Operation-continued - 3_190_060093
Wooden Floors
Section 6. SURFACE PREPARATION
Repair of Surfaces
Recommendations by Substrate
Table 6. Commonly Used Methods of Surface Preparation for Coatings
Concrete/Masonry
Specific Surface Preparation Requirements for Coatings for Steel
Standards for Condition of Substrates
Standards for Cleanliness of Substrates
Table 7. SSPC and NACE Standards for Cleaned Steel Surfaces
Recommendations for Paint Removal
Types of Abrasive Blasting
Figure 1. Schematic Drawing Illustrating Components of Conventional Abrasive Blasting Equipment
Conventional Abrasive Blasting Equipment
Air-Supply Hose
Figure 3. Cross-Sectional Drawing of Nozzles
Abrasive Properties
Abrasive Types
Table 9. Typical Physical Characteristics of Abrasives
Metallic
Selection
Procedures/General Information
Figure 6. Illustration of Proper Stroke Pattern for Blast Cleaning
Chemical Removal of Paint
Detergent Washing
Organic Solvent Washing
Steam Cleaning
Equipment - 3_190_060121
Section 7. APPLICATION
Mixing Two-Component Coatings
Figure 7. Illustration of Mixing and "Boxing" One-Component Paint
Induction
Weather Conditions Affecting Application of Paints
Temperature - 3_190_060127
Methods of Application
Procedure for Brush Application
Roller Application
Procedures for Roller Application
Spray Application
Table 11. Comparison of Conventional Air and Airless Spray
Figure 10. Schematic Drawing Illustrating Basic Parts of Conventional Air Spray Application Equipment
Air Nozzle
Figure 11. Drawing of Air-Spray Gun
Figure 13. Illustration of Proper Spray Patterns
Airless Spray
Table 13. Common Airless-Spray Problems and Their Causes and Remedies
Air-Assisted Airless Spray
Electrostatic Spray
Application Technique
Figure 14. Illustration of Improper Movement of Spray Gun When Applying Paint
Figure 15. Illustration of Proper Procedure for Spray Painting Large Flat Surfaces
Figure 16. Schematic to Illustrate Proper Painting of Large Vertical Surfaces
Figure 17. Illustration of Proper "Triggering" of Spray Guns
Figure 18. Proper Spray Painting of Inside Corners
Figure 19. Proper Spray Painting of Outside Corners
Figure 20. Schematic Illustrating Importance of Spraying Surfaces With Protruding Parts
Table 14. Spray Painting Errors
Section 8. PREPARATION OF A PAINTING CONTRACT SPECIFICATION
The CSI Format
Summary Section
Definition Section
Submittals Section-continued
Quality Assurance Section
Products Part
Execution Part
Surface Preparation - 3_190_060159
Language to be Used in Specification
Construction Criteria Base
Section 9. INSPECTION OF PAINTING OPERATIONS
Inspection Equipment
Inspection Steps
Table 15. Equipment for Inspecting Painting Operations
Table 16. Inspection Steps
Figure 21. Sample Inspector's Contract Summary Form 144
Figure 22. Sample Daily Project Reports for Painting Inspectors 145
Conduct Pre-Construction Conference
Measure Ambient Conditions
Figure 23. Nomograph for Estimating Quantities of Paint Required for a Job
Inspect Surface Preparation
Water Blasting
Inspecting Prepared Steel Surfaces
Inspect Coating Application
Film Thickness
Final Approval Procedures
Year Warranty Inspection
Section 10. FIELD INSPECTION INSTRUMENTS
Profile of Blasted Steel
Wet Film Gage
Magnetic Dry Film Thickness Gages for Coatings on Steel
Pull-Off Gages
Holiday Detector
Adhesion Tester
Hardness Tester
Section 11. ANALYSIS OF PAINT FAILURES
Review of Specification for Coating Work
On-Site Inspection Techniques
Laboratory Testing
Microscopic Examination
Expert System for Failure Analysis
Cosmetic Defects
Fading
Film Failures
Examples of Using Decision Trees
Figure 24. Decision Tree 1: Support for Analysis of Coating Failures That Do Not Penetrate the Finish Coat
Figure 25. Decision Tree 2: Support for Analysis of Coating Defects That Penetrate the Finish Coat
Section 12. PROGRAMMING MAINTENANCE PAINTING
Design of Coating System
Types of Maintenance Painting
Figure 26. Coating Condition and Identification Form
Plan for Maintenance Painting
Scheduling the Work
Section 13. GENERAL SAFETY PRACTICES DURING PAINTING OPERATIONS
Labels
Toxicity Hazards
Types of Toxic Materials
Hazards in Different Painting Operations
Painting Operations
Mixing and Applying Paints
Work in High, Confined, and Remote Places
Confined Areas
Personal Protective Equipment
Protective Headgear
Eye Protection
Safety Shoes
Safety Program
REFERENCES - 3_190_060219
MILITARY STANDARD
FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS-continued
NAVFAC GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
OTHER GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST)
NON-GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS - 3_190_060225
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)-continued
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS (NACE)
STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL (SSPC) - 3_190_060228
STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL (SSPC)-continued
GLOSSARY - 3_190_060230
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060231
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060232
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060233
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060234
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060235
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060236
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060237
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060238
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060239
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060240
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060241
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060242
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060243
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060244
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060245
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060246
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060247
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060248
STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL - 3_190_060249
3_190_06
FOREWORD - 3_190_060003
CONTENTS - 3_190_060004
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_190_060005
REFERENCES - 3_190_060006
APPENDIX A. MIL-HDBK 1110 PROTECTIVE COATINGS AND PAINTS
HANDBOOK FOR PAINTS AND PROTECTIVE COATINGS FOR FACILITIES
FOREWORD - 3_190_060010
CONTENTS - 3_190_060012
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060013
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060014
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060015
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060016
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060017
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060018
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060019
CONTENTS-continued - 3_190_060020
FIGURES - 3_190_060021
FIGURES-continued - 3_190_060022
TABLES - 3_190_060023
Section 1. INTRODUCTION - 3_190_060024
Design Factors Affecting Deterioration
Rough and Sharp Surfaces
Corrosion Control by Coatings
Painting for Purposes Other Than Protection
Antifouling Coatings
Section 2. COATING COMPOSITIONS AND CURING MECHANISMS
Pigment
Common Inhibitive Pigments
Other Components
Air Oxidation of Drying Oils
Solvent of Water Evaporation
Chemical Reaction
Properties of Different Generic Types of Coatings
Water Emulsion (Latex) Coatings
Lacquers
Epoxy Coatings
Coal-Tar Epoxy Coatings
Inorganic Zinc Coatings
Coating Compatibility
Bleeding
Table 1. Compatibility of Commonly Used Paints
Section 3. ENVIRONMENTAL, OCCUPATIONAL, AND SAFETY ISSUES
Effect on Coatings
Application Issues
Hazardous Air Pollutants
Table 3. TLV and Other Safety Data on Paint and Cleaning Solvents
Issues Affecting Surface Preparation
Surfaces Coated With Leaded Paint
Environmental Issues
DOD Policy/Instruction
Non-Residential
General Description of Lead-Based Paint Procedures
Removal
Demolition of Buildings Containing Lead-Based Paint
Section 4. SELECTION OF COATINGS
Safety and Environmental Restrictions
Table 5. Lead- and Chromate-Free Coating Specifications With VOC Limits
Recommendations for Different Substrates
Recommendations for Wood
Recommendations for Concrete and Masonry Surfaces
Elastomeric Coatings
Recommendations for Steel
Epoxy Coating Systems
Recommendations for Galvanized Steel
Recommendations for Aluminum
Coating System for Aluminum
Section 5. COATING SYSTEMS FOR SPECIFIC USES
Interiors of Steel Fuel Tanks
Steel Water Tanks
Other Steel Tanks
Coal Tar Enamels
Communication Towers and Other Tall Structures
New Towers
New Steel Towers
Towers With Only Cosmetic Coating Defects
Zinc-Coated Steel Tower Components With Deteriorated Organic Coatings
Waterfront Structures
Factory Finished Metal Siding
Concrete Swimming Pools
Concrete Catchment Basins
Mildew-Resistant Coatings
Pavement Markings
Painted Markings
Specification for Reflective Glass Beads
Inspection of Marking Operation
Inspection of Marking Operation-continued - 3_190_060090
Inspection of Marking Operation-continued - 3_190_060091
Inspection of Marking Operation-continued - 3_190_060092
Inspection of Marking Operation-continued - 3_190_060093
Wooden Floors
Section 6. SURFACE PREPARATION
Repair of Surfaces
Recommendations by Substrate
Table 6. Commonly Used Methods of Surface Preparation for Coatings
Concrete/Masonry
Specific Surface Preparation Requirements for Coatings for Steel
Standards for Condition of Substrates
Standards for Cleanliness of Substrates
Table 7. SSPC and NACE Standards for Cleaned Steel Surfaces
Recommendations for Paint Removal
Types of Abrasive Blasting
Figure 1. Schematic Drawing Illustrating Components of Conventional Abrasive Blasting Equipment
Conventional Abrasive Blasting Equipment
Air-Supply Hose
Figure 3. Cross-Sectional Drawing of Nozzles
Abrasive Properties
Abrasive Types
Table 9. Typical Physical Characteristics of Abrasives
Metallic
Selection
Procedures/General Information
Figure 6. Illustration of Proper Stroke Pattern for Blast Cleaning
Chemical Removal of Paint
Detergent Washing
Organic Solvent Washing
Steam Cleaning
Equipment - 3_190_060121
Section 7. APPLICATION
Mixing Two-Component Coatings
Figure 7. Illustration of Mixing and "Boxing" One-Component Paint
Induction
Weather Conditions Affecting Application of Paints
Temperature - 3_190_060127
Methods of Application
Procedure for Brush Application
Roller Application
Procedures for Roller Application
Spray Application
Table 11. Comparison of Conventional Air and Airless Spray
Figure 10. Schematic Drawing Illustrating Basic Parts of Conventional Air Spray Application Equipment
Air Nozzle
Figure 11. Drawing of Air-Spray Gun
Figure 13. Illustration of Proper Spray Patterns
Airless Spray
Table 13. Common Airless-Spray Problems and Their Causes and Remedies
Air-Assisted Airless Spray
Electrostatic Spray
Application Technique
Figure 14. Illustration of Improper Movement of Spray Gun When Applying Paint
Figure 15. Illustration of Proper Procedure for Spray Painting Large Flat Surfaces
Figure 16. Schematic to Illustrate Proper Painting of Large Vertical Surfaces
Figure 17. Illustration of Proper "Triggering" of Spray Guns
Figure 18. Proper Spray Painting of Inside Corners
Figure 19. Proper Spray Painting of Outside Corners
Figure 20. Schematic Illustrating Importance of Spraying Surfaces With Protruding Parts
Table 14. Spray Painting Errors
Section 8. PREPARATION OF A PAINTING CONTRACT SPECIFICATION
The CSI Format
Summary Section
Definition Section
Submittals Section-continued
Quality Assurance Section
Products Part
Execution Part
Surface Preparation - 3_190_060159
Language to be Used in Specification
Construction Criteria Base
Section 9. INSPECTION OF PAINTING OPERATIONS
Inspection Equipment
Inspection Steps
Table 15. Equipment for Inspecting Painting Operations
Table 16. Inspection Steps
Figure 21. Sample Inspector's Contract Summary Form 144
Figure 22. Sample Daily Project Reports for Painting Inspectors 145
Conduct Pre-Construction Conference
Measure Ambient Conditions
Figure 23. Nomograph for Estimating Quantities of Paint Required for a Job
Inspect Surface Preparation
Water Blasting
Inspecting Prepared Steel Surfaces
Inspect Coating Application
Film Thickness
Final Approval Procedures
Year Warranty Inspection
Section 10. FIELD INSPECTION INSTRUMENTS
Profile of Blasted Steel
Wet Film Gage
Magnetic Dry Film Thickness Gages for Coatings on Steel
Pull-Off Gages
Holiday Detector
Adhesion Tester
Hardness Tester
Section 11. ANALYSIS OF PAINT FAILURES
Review of Specification for Coating Work
On-Site Inspection Techniques
Laboratory Testing
Microscopic Examination
Expert System for Failure Analysis
Cosmetic Defects
Fading
Film Failures
Examples of Using Decision Trees
Figure 24. Decision Tree 1: Support for Analysis of Coating Failures That Do Not Penetrate the Finish Coat
Figure 25. Decision Tree 2: Support for Analysis of Coating Defects That Penetrate the Finish Coat
Section 12. PROGRAMMING MAINTENANCE PAINTING
Design of Coating System
Types of Maintenance Painting
Figure 26. Coating Condition and Identification Form
Plan for Maintenance Painting
Scheduling the Work
Section 13. GENERAL SAFETY PRACTICES DURING PAINTING OPERATIONS
Labels
Toxicity Hazards
Types of Toxic Materials
Hazards in Different Painting Operations
Painting Operations
Mixing and Applying Paints
Work in High, Confined, and Remote Places
Confined Areas
Personal Protective Equipment
Protective Headgear
Eye Protection
Safety Shoes
Safety Program
REFERENCES - 3_190_060219
MILITARY STANDARD
FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS-continued
NAVFAC GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
OTHER GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST)
NON-GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS - 3_190_060225
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)-continued
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CORROSION ENGINEERS (NACE)
STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL (SSPC) - 3_190_060228
STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL (SSPC)-continued
GLOSSARY - 3_190_060230
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060231
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060232
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060233
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060234
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060235
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060236
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060237
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060238
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060239
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060240
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060241
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060242
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060243
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060244
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060245
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060246
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060247
GLOSSARY-continued - 3_190_060248
STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL - 3_190_060249
3_190_06
